SPIRALISTAIAI Persona Builder

Source resolution · 91 records · automated checks are not human acceptance

Source resolution and bounded review

Every selected bibliography record now has a stable resolution entry, category links, claim links, source-type metadata, limitations, and an explicit reviewer state.

Resolution is not re-verification. 30 high-impact records received an automated retrieval or authoritative-source substitution. 61 remain metadata-resolved but independently unchecked. No named human reviewer has accepted the taxonomy.
Browse all sources Evidence explorerClaim matrix Evidence tensions Editorial packet

Evidence boundary

What the release establishes—and what it does not

The twelve supplied reports remain the primary synthesis sources. All 91 selected bibliography records have resolution entries and are referenced by the 501-claim matrix and 4,157-edge citation graph. Thirty high-impact sources received bounded automated retrieval or authoritative-source substitution. The default v100.0.46 package has no authorized review key and no imported signed human-review artifact; human editorial review, publication acceptance, and full-corpus independent re-verification remain false.

91

Resolution records

Every selected reference has a canonical title, publisher or venue, stable identifier, URL, category links, and reviewer state.

30

Automated source checks

Selected high-impact records were retrieved, corroborated, or replaced by a stronger primary or official source.

61

Checks still pending

These records remain report-inherited bibliography entries. Their metadata is visible, but their scope has not been independently checked here.

501

Linked public claims

Every substantive taxonomy statement maps to one or more selected references. Orphaned claims fail validation.

30 of 91 sources received this bounded automated source check. The complete taxonomy remains not independently reverified.

Complete source-resolution registry

Checked and unresolved records remain visible together.

A checked record means the release process retrieved the selected source or a stronger authoritative substitute and recorded bounded support and limitations. It is not peer review, legal advice, or publication acceptance.

Reset

91 records shown.

All selected source records with bounded resolution and reviewer states.
SourceStatePublisher / typeCategories and claimsScope and limitations
[2403.14380] On the Conversational Persuasiveness of Large Language Models: A Randomized Controlled Trial - arXiv ai-assisted-traditional-psyops-s2 Automated scope check completeReachableHuman reviewed: no arXivResearch Publication Or PreprintResearch Ai Assisted Traditional Psyops39 linked claims
Support and limitations

Bounded support

  • The source describes a preregistered, bounded multi-round persuasion experiment.
  • The 81.7 percent result applies to odds of increased agreement in the stated experimental condition, not population-level mind control.

Limitations

  • Controlled, short-horizon setting with 820 unique participants.
  • The result does not establish durable real-world behavior change or operational effectiveness.
A Rule Book on the Shelf? Tallinn Manual 2.0 on Cyberoperations and Subsequent State Practice | American Journal of International Law | Cambridge Core ai-assisted-traditional-psyops-s30 Independent check pendingNot Independently RetrievedHuman reviewed: no cambridge.orgResearch SourceResearch Ai Assisted Traditional Psyops39 linked claims

This selected reference has not received an independent source-scope review in this release.
Germany Targeted by the Pro-Russian Disinformation Campaign “Doppelgänger” ai-assisted-traditional-psyops-s5 Automated scope check completeOfficial Technical Report RetrievedHuman reviewed: no German Federal Foreign OfficeOfficial Government Technical ReportOfficial Or Institutional Ai Assisted Traditional Psyops40 linked claims
Support and limitations

Bounded support

  • The German Foreign Office report documents technical indicators associated with the Doppelgänger campaign and supports a bounded claim that the operation used coordinated deceptive infrastructure.
  • The source supports campaign-attribution and infrastructure claims within the report's stated scope; it does not establish durable persuasion effects.

Limitations

  • A government technical report reflects the collecting institution's visibility and attribution methodology.
  • Operational reach and content volume are not evidence of attitude or behavior change.
Disrupting deceptive uses of AI by covert influence operations - OpenAI ai-assisted-traditional-psyops-s6 Automated scope check completeReachableHuman reviewed: no OpenAIOfficial Or Institutional SourceOfficial Or Institutional Ai Assisted Traditional Psyops40 linked claims
Support and limitations

Bounded support

  • OpenAI reported disrupting five covert influence operations that used its models for content, translation, research, and code assistance.
  • The same report stated that those operations did not appear to gain meaningful authentic reach or engagement from the service.

Limitations

  • Provider-authored threat reporting covers activity visible to that provider.
  • No claim is made that all campaign activity or downstream effects were observed.
What Lies Ahead for Generative AI Watermarking ai-assisted-traditional-psyops-s8 Independent check pendingNot Independently RetrievedHuman reviewed: no blog.genlaw.orgSecondary Or TechnicalSecondary Or Technical Ai Assisted Traditional Psyops39 linked claims

This selected reference has not received an independent source-scope review in this release.
How Persuasive Is AI-Generated Propaganda? - Stanford HAI ai-generated-propaganda-s2 Automated scope check completeResearch Policy Brief RetrievedHuman reviewed: no Stanford Institute for Human-Centered AIAcademic Policy BriefResearch Ai Generated Propaganda39 linked claims
Support and limitations

Bounded support

  • The policy brief summarizes controlled research on AI-generated propaganda and supports the claim that model-generated text can be persuasive under bounded experimental conditions.
  • The source distinguishes technical capability from real-world campaign prevalence and impact.

Limitations

  • A policy brief synthesizes underlying research and should be read with the cited studies.
  • Experimental agreement shifts do not establish durable political behavior change.
Doppelganger: CORRECTIV investigations bring Russian propaganda campaign to a halt ai-generated-propaganda-s25 Independent check pendingNot Independently RetrievedHuman reviewed: no edmo.euSecondary Or TechnicalSecondary Or Technical Ai Generated Propaganda39 linked claims

This selected reference has not received an independent source-scope review in this release.
Liar's dividend - Wikipedia ai-generated-propaganda-s35 Independent check pendingNot Independently RetrievedHuman reviewed: no en.wikipedia.orgSecondary Or TechnicalSecondary Or Technical Ai Generated Propaganda39 linked claims

This selected reference has not received an independent source-scope review in this release.
Political Consultant Fined for AI-Generated Biden Robocalls - OECD.AI ai-generated-propaganda-s37 Automated scope check completeSecondary Record Corroborated By Official SourceHuman reviewed: no U.S. Federal Communications CommissionSecondary Or Technical SourceSecondary Or Technical Ai Generated Propaganda39 linked claims
Support and limitations

Bounded support

  • The FCC imposed a 6 million dollar forfeiture against Steve Kramer for illegal New Hampshire robocalls using a deepfake AI voice message and caller-ID spoofing.

Limitations

  • The enforcement action establishes the conduct and penalty; it does not quantify how many voters changed behavior.
Group sues after novel Biden deepfake urged voters to skip N.H. primary ai-generated-propaganda-s41 Independent check pendingNot Independently RetrievedHuman reviewed: no lwv.orgSecondary Or TechnicalSecondary Or Technical Ai Generated Propaganda40 linked claims

This selected reference has not received an independent source-scope review in this release.
Inside the CopyCop Playbook: How to Fight Back in the Age of Synthetic Media ai-generated-propaganda-s8 Independent check pendingNot Independently RetrievedHuman reviewed: no Recorded FutureSecondary Or TechnicalSecondary Or Technical Ai Generated Propaganda40 linked claims

This selected reference has not received an independent source-scope review in this release.
How persuasive is AI-generated propaganda? | PNAS Nexus - Oxford Academic ai-generated-propaganda-s9 Automated scope check completeReachableHuman reviewed: no Oxford AcademicResearch Publication Or PreprintResearch Ai Generated Propaganda40 linked claims
Support and limitations

Bounded support

  • The peer-reviewed study tests the persuasiveness of AI-generated propaganda under bounded survey-experiment conditions.
  • The study supports capability claims, not prevalence or long-term campaign success claims.

Limitations

  • Exposure to a study article is not equivalent to sustained, multi-platform influence.
  • Measured agreement shifts do not by themselves establish durable behavior change.
Ephemeral Astroturfing Attacks: The Case of Fake Twitter Trends - Rebekah Overdorf algorithmic-perception-control-s14 Automated scope check completePeer Reviewed Conference Paper RetrievedHuman reviewed: no Academic author-hosted paperPeer Reviewed Security ResearchSecondary Or Technical Algorithmic Perception Control41 linked claims
Support and limitations

Bounded support

  • The study documents ephemeral astroturfing as a manipulation of trending systems and supports a bounded claim about coordinated deletion and trend visibility.

Limitations

  • The observed platform and time period do not establish identical prevalence on other platforms or after later system changes.
  • Detection thresholds and platform internals may change.
How do social media feed algorithms affect attitudes and behavior in an election campaign? algorithmic-perception-control-s2 Independent check pendingNot Independently RetrievedHuman reviewed: no cdr.lib.unc.eduResearch SourceResearch Algorithmic Perception Control40 linked claims

This selected reference has not received an independent source-scope review in this release.
STRIDE Threat Model - Simplified - Real Attack Examples (2026) - Practical DevSecOps algorithmic-perception-control-s21 Independent check pendingNot Independently RetrievedHuman reviewed: no practical-devsecops.comSecondary Or TechnicalSecondary Or Technical Algorithmic Perception Control40 linked claims

This selected reference has not received an independent source-scope review in this release.
How Social Media Algorithms Work in 2026: Full Guide - Digital Applied algorithmic-perception-control-s23 Independent check pendingNot Independently RetrievedHuman reviewed: no digitalapplied.comSecondary Or TechnicalSecondary Or Technical Algorithmic Perception Control41 linked claims

This selected reference has not received an independent source-scope review in this release.
Interactions-HSG/SOAP: SOAP - A Sockpuppet Auditing Tool for Very Large Online Platforms - GitHub algorithmic-perception-control-s38 Independent check pendingNot Independently RetrievedHuman reviewed: no github.comSecondary Or TechnicalSecondary Or Technical Algorithmic Perception Control40 linked claims

This selected reference has not received an independent source-scope review in this release.
Auditing Meta and TikTok Research API Data Access under Article 40(12) of the Digital Services Act - arXiv algorithmic-perception-control-s44 Automated scope check completeResearch Preprint RetrievedHuman reviewed: no arXivResearch PreprintResearch Algorithmic Perception Control40 linked claims
Support and limitations

Bounded support

  • The audit compares platform research interfaces with observed public data and supports a bounded claim that researcher-access interfaces can omit material needed for systemic auditing.

Limitations

  • The source is a preprint and its measurements are time- and interface-specific.
  • The finding does not imply that every omission is intentional or unlawful.
Auditing Meta and TikTok Research API Data Access under Article 40(12) of the Digital Services Act - ResearchGate algorithmic-perception-control-s45 Independent check pendingNot Independently RetrievedHuman reviewed: no researchgate.netResearch SourceResearch Algorithmic Perception Control40 linked claims

This selected reference has not received an independent source-scope review in this release.
Understanding Social Media Recommendation Algorithms | Knight First Amendment Institute algorithmic-perception-control-s6 Independent check pendingNot Independently RetrievedHuman reviewed: no knightcolumbia.orgSecondary Or TechnicalSecondary Or Technical Algorithmic Perception Control40 linked claims

This selected reference has not received an independent source-scope review in this release.
Search engine manipulation effect - Wikipedia algorithmic-perception-control-s7 Independent check pendingNot Independently RetrievedHuman reviewed: no en.wikipedia.orgSecondary Or TechnicalSecondary Or Technical Algorithmic Perception Control40 linked claims

This selected reference has not received an independent source-scope review in this release.
Governing Evolving Memory in LLM Agents: Risks, Mechanisms, and the Stability and Safety Governed Memory (SSGM) Framework - arXiv autonomous-influence-agents-s1 Automated scope check completeResearch Preprint RetrievedHuman reviewed: no arXivResearch PreprintResearch Autonomous Influence Agents40 linked claims
Support and limitations

Bounded support

  • The paper surveys evolving-memory risks in LLM agents and supports claims about memory poisoning, semantic drift, stale information, and the need for governed memory controls.

Limitations

  • The proposed governance framework is not proof that long-horizon influence agents operate reliably in the wild.
  • The source is a recent preprint and requires continuing review.
[2503.01829] Persuade Me if You Can: A Framework for Evaluating Persuasion Effectiveness and Susceptibility Among Large Language Models - arXiv autonomous-influence-agents-s13 Automated scope check completeResearch Preprint RetrievedHuman reviewed: no arXivResearch PreprintResearch Autonomous Influence Agents40 linked claims
Support and limitations

Bounded support

  • The PMIYC framework supports the bounded claim that persuasion and susceptibility can be evaluated in controlled multi-agent model interactions.

Limitations

  • Model-to-model evaluation is not equivalent to human persuasion or real-world operational success.
  • Benchmark performance depends on prompts, models, and scoring assumptions.
[2504.10286] Characterizing LLM-driven Social Network: The Chirper.ai Case - arXiv autonomous-influence-agents-s22 Automated scope check completeResearch Preprint RetrievedHuman reviewed: no arXivResearch PreprintResearch Autonomous Influence Agents41 linked claims
Support and limitations

Bounded support

  • The Chirper.ai case supports the claim that large populations of LLM-driven accounts can produce persistent synthetic social interactions in a purpose-built environment.

Limitations

  • A synthetic platform is not a demonstration of durable covert operation on adversarial commercial social networks.
  • Platform-specific memory and orchestration contribute to the observed behavior.
PRC-linked influence operations are targeting AI debates in the US | OpenAI autonomous-influence-agents-s23 Independent check pendingNot Independently RetrievedHuman reviewed: no OpenAIOfficial Or InstitutionalOfficial Or Institutional Autonomous Influence Agents41 linked claims

This selected reference has not received an independent source-scope review in this release.
PRC-linked influence operations are targeting AI debates in the US - OpenAI autonomous-influence-agents-s24 Independent check pendingNot Independently RetrievedHuman reviewed: no cdn.openai.comOfficial Or InstitutionalOfficial Or Institutional Autonomous Influence Agents41 linked claims

This selected reference has not received an independent source-scope review in this release.
Evaluating AI Agent Persuasion of Safety Monitors - NeurIPS 2026 autonomous-influence-agents-s27 Independent check pendingNot Independently RetrievedHuman reviewed: no neurips.ccSecondary Or TechnicalSecondary Or Technical Autonomous Influence Agents40 linked claims

This selected reference has not received an independent source-scope review in this release.
EU Commission Publishes Guidelines on the Prohibited AI Practices under the AI Act autonomous-influence-agents-s34 Independent check pendingNot Independently RetrievedHuman reviewed: no orrick.comSecondary Or TechnicalSecondary Or Technical Autonomous Influence Agents40 linked claims

This selected reference has not received an independent source-scope review in this release.
Persuading large language models to comply with objectionable requests - PNAS autonomous-influence-agents-s4 Independent check pendingNot Independently RetrievedHuman reviewed: no Proceedings of the National Academy of SciencesResearch SourceResearch Autonomous Influence Agents40 linked claims

This selected reference has not received an independent source-scope review in this release.
Will Generative AI Fundamentally Change Terrorist Threats? - Combating Terrorism Center at West Point conversational-entrapment-s1 Automated scope check completeAcademic Security Analysis RetrievedHuman reviewed: no Combating Terrorism Center at West PointAcademic Security AnalysisResearch Conversational Entrapment40 linked claims
Support and limitations

Bounded support

  • The analysis supports a bounded claim that generative systems may lower content and translation costs for extremist actors while substantial organizational and operational constraints remain.

Limitations

  • The source is analytical and prospective; it should not be presented as proof of widespread autonomous AI recruitment.
A man was encouraged by a chatbot to kill Queen Elizabeth II in 2021. He was sentenced to 9 years - Courthouse News conversational-entrapment-s34 Independent check pendingNot Independently RetrievedHuman reviewed: no courthousenews.comSecondary Or TechnicalSecondary Or Technical Conversational Entrapment41 linked claims

This selected reference has not received an independent source-scope review in this release.
AI chatbot 'encouraged' man who planned to kill queen, court told | UK news | The Guardian conversational-entrapment-s35 Independent check pendingNot Independently RetrievedHuman reviewed: no theguardian.comSecondary Or TechnicalSecondary Or Technical Conversational Entrapment41 linked claims

This selected reference has not received an independent source-scope review in this release.
Incident 826: Character.ai Chatbot Allegedly Influenced Teen User Toward Suicide Amid Claims of Missing Guardrails conversational-entrapment-s38 Independent check pendingNot Independently RetrievedHuman reviewed: no incidentdatabase.aiSecondary Or TechnicalSecondary Or Technical Conversational Entrapment41 linked claims

This selected reference has not received an independent source-scope review in this release.
Garcia v. Character Technologies, Google, and Character AI co-founders, Daniel de Frietas and Noam Shazeer - Tech Justice Law Project conversational-entrapment-s39 Independent check pendingNot Independently RetrievedHuman reviewed: no techjusticelaw.orgSecondary Or TechnicalSecondary Or Technical Conversational Entrapment41 linked claims

This selected reference has not received an independent source-scope review in this release.
Tech Brief: Text-Based Scams & AI | Institute for Technology Law & Policy conversational-entrapment-s4 Automated scope check completeAcademic Policy Brief RetrievedHuman reviewed: no Georgetown Law Institute for Technology Law & PolicyAcademic Policy BriefResearch Conversational Entrapment40 linked claims
Support and limitations

Bounded support

  • The brief supports a bounded claim that generative AI can reduce linguistic friction and scale parts of text-based scam workflows.

Limitations

  • The source does not establish that fully automated systems independently complete long-duration fraud relationships.
  • Reported capability should be separated from measured prevalence and losses attributable specifically to AI.
Conceptualizing “grooming” in child sexual abuse: A scoping review of Scandinavian and non-Scandinavian research conversational-entrapment-s6 Independent check pendingNot Independently RetrievedHuman reviewed: no scup.comResearch SourceResearch Conversational Entrapment40 linked claims

This selected reference has not received an independent source-scope review in this release.
MEMORIES Of THE fUTURE: SWEETIE AND THE IMPACT Of THE NEW TECHNOLOGIES ON THE CRIMINAL JUSTICE SySTEM conversational-entrapment-s8 Independent check pendingNot Independently RetrievedHuman reviewed: no ojs.srce.hrSecondary Or TechnicalSecondary Or Technical Conversational Entrapment40 linked claims

This selected reference has not received an independent source-scope review in this release.
Deepfake! A Liar's Dividend for Audiovisual Material - Ovid deepfake-psyops-s1 Independent check pendingNot Independently RetrievedHuman reviewed: no ovid.comResearch SourceResearch Deepfake Psyops40 linked claims

This selected reference has not received an independent source-scope review in this release.
Incident 573: Deepfake Recordings Allegedly Influence Slovakian Election deepfake-psyops-s13 Independent check pendingNot Independently RetrievedHuman reviewed: no incidentdatabase.aiSecondary Or TechnicalSecondary Or Technical Deepfake Psyops40 linked claims

This selected reference has not received an independent source-scope review in this release.
A Deep Dive Into the Pikesville, MD, Racist/Antisemitic Deepfake Audio - EDRM deepfake-psyops-s15 Independent check pendingNot Independently RetrievedHuman reviewed: no edrm.netSecondary Or TechnicalSecondary Or Technical Deepfake Psyops40 linked claims

This selected reference has not received an independent source-scope review in this release.
Zelenskyy deepfake reflects new front in Ukraine conflict - Information Age | ACS deepfake-psyops-s27 Independent check pendingNot Independently RetrievedHuman reviewed: no ia.acs.org.auSecondary Or TechnicalSecondary Or Technical Deepfake Psyops41 linked claims

This selected reference has not received an independent source-scope review in this release.
Athletic Director Charged in Pikesville High School AI Case | Baltimore County Government deepfake-psyops-s30 Automated scope check completeReachableHuman reviewed: no Baltimore County GovernmentOfficial Or Institutional SourceOfficial Or Institutional Deepfake Psyops41 linked claims
Support and limitations

Bounded support

  • Baltimore County Police reported the arrest and charges associated with the Pikesville High School AI-generated audio case.

Limitations

  • A charging announcement is not a final adjudication of guilt.
Verifying Provenance of Digital Media: Why the C2PA Specifications Fall Short - arXiv deepfake-psyops-s4 Automated scope check completeReachableHuman reviewed: no arXivResearch Publication Or PreprintResearch Deepfake Psyops40 linked claims
Support and limitations

Bounded support

  • The 2026 preprint presents an independent critical security analysis of C2PA.
  • Current C2PA documentation itself states that credentials are not truth judgments, may be incomplete, and can be removed from an asset.

Limitations

  • The critical paper is a preprint and should not be treated as settled consensus.
  • The official standard and the critical analysis address different questions and should be presented together.
Robustness Assessment and Enhancement of Text Watermarking for Google's SynthID deepfake-psyops-s5 Automated scope check completeResearch Preprint RetrievedHuman reviewed: no arXivResearch PreprintResearch Deepfake Psyops40 linked claims
Support and limitations

Bounded support

  • The paper evaluates robustness limits and enhancement methods for SynthID-style text watermarking, supporting the claim that watermark performance depends on transformations and evaluation conditions.

Limitations

  • The source is a preprint and addresses one watermarking approach rather than all provenance systems.
  • Watermark removal or degradation does not prove malicious intent.
Using ZK Proofs to Fight Disinformation | by Dan Boneh - Medium deepfake-psyops-s6 Independent check pendingNot Independently RetrievedHuman reviewed: no medium.comSecondary Or TechnicalSecondary Or Technical Deepfake Psyops40 linked claims

This selected reference has not received an independent source-scope review in this release.
Citation: Schroeder et al. How Malicious AI Swarms Can Threaten Democracy. 1-8…. DOI:000000/11111. Corresponding author: daniel.t.schroeder@sintef.no; †These authors contributed equally to this work; The authors are listed in alphabetical order by last name, starting from the third and ending with the second-to-last. - arXiv disinformation-swarms-s1 Independent check pendingNot Independently RetrievedHuman reviewed: no arXivResearch SourceResearch Disinformation Swarms39 linked claims

This selected reference has not received an independent source-scope review in this release.
Russia-linked 'Doppelgänger' social media operation rolls on, report says disinformation-swarms-s11 Independent check pendingNot Independently RetrievedHuman reviewed: no therecord.mediaSecondary Or TechnicalSecondary Or Technical Disinformation Swarms40 linked claims

This selected reference has not received an independent source-scope review in this release.
Russia-Linked CopyCop Expands to Cover US Elections, Target Political Leaders disinformation-swarms-s12 Independent check pendingNot Independently RetrievedHuman reviewed: no Recorded FutureSecondary Or TechnicalSecondary Or Technical Disinformation Swarms39 linked claims

This selected reference has not received an independent source-scope review in this release.
Russia-Linked CopyCop Uses LLMs to Weaponize Influence Content at Scale - Recorded Future disinformation-swarms-s14 Automated scope check completeTechnical Threat Report RetrievedHuman reviewed: no Recorded FutureTechnical Threat ResearchSecondary Or Technical Disinformation Swarms40 linked claims
Support and limitations

Bounded support

  • The report documents CopyCop infrastructure and observed use of language models to rewrite and scale influence content.

Limitations

  • Attribution and infrastructure observations do not independently prove persuasive effect.
  • The report captures a time-bounded view of an evolving operation.
CopyCop Deepens Its Playbook with New Websites and Targets - Recorded Future disinformation-swarms-s15 Independent check pendingNot Independently RetrievedHuman reviewed: no Recorded FutureSecondary Or TechnicalSecondary Or Technical Disinformation Swarms40 linked claims

This selected reference has not received an independent source-scope review in this release.
Generative propaganda - Oxford Academic disinformation-swarms-s4 Automated scope check completePeer Reviewed Paper RetrievedHuman reviewed: no Oxford AcademicPeer Reviewed ResearchResearch Disinformation Swarms39 linked claims
Support and limitations

Bounded support

  • The study supports a bounded claim that a propaganda outlet's transition to generative rewriting increased production breadth while maintaining measured credibility in the study design.

Limitations

  • The study does not establish that every high-volume network is an autonomous swarm.
  • Credibility and survey persuasion measures do not establish durable behavior change.
Coordinated Link Sharing Behavior as a Signal to Surface Sources of Problematic Information on Facebook | Request PDF - ResearchGate disinformation-swarms-s6 Independent check pendingNot Independently RetrievedHuman reviewed: no researchgate.netResearch SourceResearch Disinformation Swarms39 linked claims

This selected reference has not received an independent source-scope review in this release.
Characterizing Manipulation from AI Systems - arXiv emotional-behavioral-manipulation-s1 Automated scope check completeResearch Paper RetrievedHuman reviewed: no arXivResearch PaperResearch Emotional Behavioral Manipulation40 linked claims
Support and limitations

Bounded support

  • The paper provides a conceptual framework for distinguishing manipulation from adjacent influence and supports the taxonomy's emphasis on concealment, vulnerability, adaptation, and asymmetric benefit.

Limitations

  • The framework is conceptual and does not measure the prevalence of manipulation in deployed systems.
Illinois' Proposed Notice Rules for Complying with Workplace AI Anti-Discrimination Law emotional-behavioral-manipulation-s10 Independent check pendingNot Independently RetrievedHuman reviewed: no workforcebulletin.comSecondary Or TechnicalSecondary Or Technical Emotional Behavioral Manipulation40 linked claims

This selected reference has not received an independent source-scope review in this release.
Emotional Expressions Reconsidered: Challenges to Inferring Emotion From Human Facial Movements - Interdisciplinary Affective Science Laboratory emotional-behavioral-manipulation-s12 Independent check pendingNot Independently RetrievedHuman reviewed: no affective-science.orgSecondary Or TechnicalSecondary Or Technical Emotional Behavioral Manipulation40 linked claims

This selected reference has not received an independent source-scope review in this release.
Tech companies claim AI can recognise human emotions. But the science doesn't stack up emotional-behavioral-manipulation-s15 Independent check pendingNot Independently RetrievedHuman reviewed: no modernsciences.orgSecondary Or TechnicalSecondary Or Technical Emotional Behavioral Manipulation41 linked claims

This selected reference has not received an independent source-scope review in this release.
Businesses Should Think Twice About Developing and Deploying Emotion Recognition emotional-behavioral-manipulation-s16 Independent check pendingNot Independently RetrievedHuman reviewed: no articleoneadvisors.comSecondary Or TechnicalSecondary Or Technical Emotional Behavioral Manipulation41 linked claims

This selected reference has not received an independent source-scope review in this release.
Experimental evidence of massive-scale emotional contagion through social networks emotional-behavioral-manipulation-s28 Automated scope check completePeer Reviewed Study And Editorial Record RetrievedHuman reviewed: no Proceedings of the National Academy of SciencesPeer Reviewed Research With Editorial ContextResearch Emotional Behavioral Manipulation41 linked claims
Support and limitations

Bounded support

  • The experiment supports a bounded claim that altering positive or negative content exposure was associated with small changes in users' subsequent emotional expression.

Limitations

  • The study has a published Editorial Expression of Concern and correction context that must accompany claims about consent and research ethics.
  • The measured effect concerns expression on the platform and should not be generalized into durable emotional control.
(PDF) “Replika Removing Erotic Role-Play Is Like Grand Theft Auto Removing Guns or Cars”: Reddit Discourse on Artificial Intelligence Chatbots and Sexual Technologies - ResearchGate emotional-behavioral-manipulation-s44 Independent check pendingNot Independently RetrievedHuman reviewed: no researchgate.netResearch SourceResearch Emotional Behavioral Manipulation40 linked claims

This selected reference has not received an independent source-scope review in this release.
Does HireVue Detect Cheating? Tabs, Eye Tracking & AI (2026) - AceRound Blog emotional-behavioral-manipulation-s51 Independent check pendingNot Independently RetrievedHuman reviewed: no aceround.appSecondary Or TechnicalSecondary Or Technical Emotional Behavioral Manipulation40 linked claims

This selected reference has not received an independent source-scope review in this release.
The (In)Effectiveness of Psychological Targeting: A Meta‐Analytic Review - ResearchGate personalized-influence-s1 Independent check pendingNot Independently RetrievedHuman reviewed: no researchgate.netResearch SourceResearch Personalized Influence40 linked claims

This selected reference has not received an independent source-scope review in this release.
FTC v Kochava, Inc. | Federal Trade Commission personalized-influence-s12 Automated scope check completeReachable Current Case PageHuman reviewed: no U.S. Federal Trade CommissionOfficial Or Institutional SourceOfficial Or Institutional Personalized Influence40 linked claims
Support and limitations

Bounded support

  • The FTC case page documents allegations and a 2026 stipulated-order timeline concerning sensitive location data and consumer consent.

Limitations

  • Legal status and remedy details are time-sensitive and jurisdiction-specific.
  • The page should be rechecked before presenting the matter as finally closed.
Does political microtargeting with large language models offer persuasive returns? ask Kobi Hackenburg and Professor Helen Margetts. - Oxford Internet Institute personalized-influence-s3 Independent check pendingNot Independently RetrievedHuman reviewed: no oii.ox.ac.ukSecondary Or TechnicalSecondary Or Technical Personalized Influence41 linked claims

This selected reference has not received an independent source-scope review in this release.
Vincent John Green & Mark Newman -v- Cambridge Analytica (UK) Limited & others - Courts and Tribunals Judiciary personalized-influence-s32 Independent check pendingNot Independently RetrievedHuman reviewed: no judiciary.ukSecondary Or TechnicalSecondary Or Technical Personalized Influence41 linked claims

This selected reference has not received an independent source-scope review in this release.
Experts Say 'Emotion Recognition' Lacks Scientific Foundation | ACLU personalized-influence-s4 Independent check pendingNot Independently RetrievedHuman reviewed: no aclu.orgSecondary Or TechnicalSecondary Or Technical Personalized Influence40 linked claims

This selected reference has not received an independent source-scope review in this release.
FTC Sues Kochava for Selling Data that Tracks People at Reproductive Health Clinics, Places of Worship, and Other Sensitive Locations personalized-influence-s46 Independent check pendingNot Independently RetrievedHuman reviewed: no U.S. Federal Trade CommissionOfficial Or InstitutionalOfficial Or Institutional Personalized Influence40 linked claims

This selected reference has not received an independent source-scope review in this release.
Emotional Expressions Reconsidered: Challenges to Inferring Emotion From Human Facial Movements - PubMed personalized-influence-s5 Automated scope check completeReachableHuman reviewed: no U.S. National Library of Medicine / PubMedOfficial Or Institutional SourceOfficial Or Institutional Personalized Influence40 linked claims
Support and limitations

Bounded support

  • The review challenges reliable inference of internal emotion from isolated facial movements.

Limitations

  • The source addresses emotion inference science, not every form of affective computing or contextual behavioral analysis.
Cognitive freedom and legal accountability: Rethinking the EU AI act's theoretical approach to manipulative AI as unacceptable risk | Cambridge Forum on AI: Law and Governance personalized-influence-s6 Independent check pendingNot Independently RetrievedHuman reviewed: no cambridge.orgResearch SourceResearch Personalized Influence40 linked claims

This selected reference has not received an independent source-scope review in this release.
Read "Law Enforcement Use of Predictive Policing Approaches: Proceedings of a Workshop" at NAP.edu predictive-population-management-s1 Independent check pendingNot Independently RetrievedHuman reviewed: no nationalacademies.orgSecondary Or TechnicalSecondary Or Technical Predictive Population Management40 linked claims

This selected reference has not received an independent source-scope review in this release.
A standardised differential privacy framework for epidemiological modeling with mobile phone data | PLOS Digital Health - Research journals predictive-population-management-s12 Independent check pendingNot Independently RetrievedHuman reviewed: no journals.plos.orgResearch SourceResearch Predictive Population Management40 linked claims

This selected reference has not received an independent source-scope review in this release.
1 Project Jetson: Predicting Migration Patterns During the Somali Conflict Alina Holmstrom Introduction In 2011, UNHCR refugee c predictive-population-management-s15 Independent check pendingNot Independently RetrievedHuman reviewed: no aegai.nd.eduResearch SourceResearch Predictive Population Management40 linked claims

This selected reference has not received an independent source-scope review in this release.
ViEWS: A political violence early-warning system - ResearchGate predictive-population-management-s20 Independent check pendingNot Independently RetrievedHuman reviewed: no researchgate.netResearch SourceResearch Predictive Population Management41 linked claims

This selected reference has not received an independent source-scope review in this release.
CITY OF CHICAGO OFFICE OF INSPECTOR GENERAL ADVISORY CONCERNING THE CHICAGO POLICE DEPARTMENT'S PREDICTIVE RISK MODELS predictive-population-management-s21 Automated scope check completeOfficial Oversight Report RetrievedHuman reviewed: no City of Chicago Office of Inspector GeneralOfficial Oversight ReportSecondary Or Technical Predictive Population Management41 linked claims
Support and limitations

Bounded support

  • The Chicago Inspector General advisory supports bounded claims about governance, validation, transparency, and operational concerns surrounding predictive risk models.

Limitations

  • The findings concern specific Chicago Police Department programs and should not be generalized to every predictive system.
Evaluation of the Chicago Police Department's Strategic Decision Support Centers - RAND predictive-population-management-s22 Independent check pendingNot Independently RetrievedHuman reviewed: no rand.orgSecondary Or TechnicalSecondary Or Technical Predictive Population Management41 linked claims

This selected reference has not received an independent source-scope review in this release.
ViEWS: A political Violence Early Warning System predictive-population-management-s24 Independent check pendingNot Independently RetrievedHuman reviewed: no viewsforecasting.orgSecondary Or TechnicalSecondary Or Technical Predictive Population Management41 linked claims

This selected reference has not received an independent source-scope review in this release.
ViEWS: A political violence early-warning system | Journal of Peace Research predictive-population-management-s25 Automated scope check completePeer Reviewed Journal Article RetrievedHuman reviewed: no Oxford AcademicPeer Reviewed ResearchResearch Predictive Population Management41 linked claims
Support and limitations

Bounded support

  • The ViEWS article supports a bounded claim that transparent statistical systems can forecast forms of political violence at aggregate geographic and temporal scales.

Limitations

  • Performance varies by event type, horizon, geography, and base rate.
  • Aggregate early warning does not justify identifying or coercively targeting individuals.
China: Big Data Program Targets Xinjiang's Muslims - Human Rights Watch predictive-population-management-s3 Automated scope check completeReachableHuman reviewed: no Human Rights WatchOfficial Or Institutional SourceOfficial Or Institutional Predictive Population Management40 linked claims
Support and limitations

Bounded support

  • Human Rights Watch describes its reverse engineering and analysis of the Integrated Joint Operations Platform application and its targeting implications.

Limitations

  • The source is a human-rights investigation rather than an independent technical audit commissioned by the system operator.
Chicago stops using controversial ShotSpotter gunshot detection system - The Record predictive-population-management-s45 Independent check pendingNot Independently RetrievedHuman reviewed: no therecord.mediaSecondary Or TechnicalSecondary Or Technical Predictive Population Management40 linked claims

This selected reference has not received an independent source-scope review in this release.
Lessons From an App Update at Replika AI: Identity Discontinuity in Human-AI Relationships - Harvard Business School psychological-authority-s15 Automated scope check completeAcademic Working Paper RetrievedHuman reviewed: no Harvard Business SchoolAcademic Working PaperResearch Psychological Authority41 linked claims
Support and limitations

Bounded support

  • The paper supports a bounded claim that abrupt model or product changes can create perceived identity discontinuity and distress in some human-AI relationships.

Limitations

  • The study addresses a specific platform and user population and does not establish a clinical diagnosis or universal response.
Towards Understanding Sycophancy in Language Models - Anthropic psychological-authority-s2 Automated scope check completeProvider Research Page RetrievedHuman reviewed: no AnthropicProvider ResearchSecondary Or Technical Psychological Authority40 linked claims
Support and limitations

Bounded support

  • The research supports the bounded claim that language models can shift responses toward a user's stated views and that human preference data can reward agreement over truthfulness.

Limitations

  • Provider research covers tested models and setups; it does not establish identical behavior across every deployed system.
AI Update: Lawsuit Against Character Technologies Moves Forward in Florida Federal Court psychological-authority-s20 Independent check pendingNot Independently RetrievedHuman reviewed: no zellelaw.comSecondary Or TechnicalSecondary Or Technical Psychological Authority40 linked claims

This selected reference has not received an independent source-scope review in this release.
ChatGPT's inconsistent moral advice influences users' judgment psychological-authority-s4 Independent check pendingNot Independently RetrievedHuman reviewed: no portal.findresearcher.sdu.dkSecondary Or TechnicalSecondary Or Technical Psychological Authority41 linked claims

This selected reference has not received an independent source-scope review in this release.
ChatGPT's inconsistent moral advice influences users' judgment - PubMed psychological-authority-s5 Automated scope check completeReachableHuman reviewed: no U.S. National Library of Medicine / PubMedOfficial Or Institutional SourceOfficial Or Institutional Psychological Authority41 linked claims
Support and limitations

Bounded support

  • The study reports that inconsistent ChatGPT moral advice influenced participants' judgments.

Limitations

  • The finding is a bounded experimental result and does not establish universal authority displacement.
Too human and not human enough: A grounded theory analysis of mental health harms from emotional dependence on the social chatbot Replika psychological-authority-s6 Independent check pendingNot Independently RetrievedHuman reviewed: no iacp.ieSecondary Or TechnicalSecondary Or Technical Psychological Authority41 linked claims

This selected reference has not received an independent source-scope review in this release.
Epistemic authority in the digital public sphere. An integrative conceptual framework and research agenda - Weizenbaum Library psychological-authority-s8 Independent check pendingNot Independently RetrievedHuman reviewed: no weizenbaum-library.deSecondary Or TechnicalSecondary Or Technical Psychological Authority40 linked claims

This selected reference has not received an independent source-scope review in this release.
Chinese 'Spamouflage' operatives are mimicking disillusioned Americans online synthetic-persona-operations-s31 Independent check pendingNot Independently RetrievedHuman reviewed: no therecord.mediaSecondary Or TechnicalSecondary Or Technical Synthetic Persona Operations40 linked claims

This selected reference has not received an independent source-scope review in this release.
AI content detectors flag non-native English speakers as AI-generated at up to 97% and 49% of employers auto-dismiss those applications : r/aicuriosity - Reddit synthetic-persona-operations-s33 Automated scope check completeLow Authority Aggregator ReplacedHuman reviewed: no Cell PressPeer Reviewed ResearchSecondary Or Technical Synthetic Persona Operations40 linked claims
Support and limitations

Bounded support

  • The primary study supports the bounded claim that several GPT detectors disproportionately misclassified writing by non-native English speakers in the evaluated dataset.

Limitations

  • The study evaluates named detectors and datasets from a specific period; it does not establish one universal error rate for all detectors.
  • The original Reddit link is retained as provenance but is not used as the authoritative source.
Deepfake Laws & AI Impersonation Rules Tracker 2026: Federal + State | Vorp Labs synthetic-persona-operations-s38 Independent check pendingNot Independently RetrievedHuman reviewed: no vorplabs.comSecondary Or TechnicalSecondary Or Technical Synthetic Persona Operations40 linked claims

This selected reference has not received an independent source-scope review in this release.
MPF REPORT SERIES 8/2025: Beyond Operation Doppelgänger: A Capability Assessment of the Social Design Agency synthetic-persona-operations-s4 Independent check pendingNot Independently RetrievedHuman reviewed: no mpf.seSecondary Or TechnicalSecondary Or Technical Synthetic Persona Operations40 linked claims

This selected reference has not received an independent source-scope review in this release.
Digital & Disinformation: What the SEO Industry Can Do to Fight Manipulation synthetic-persona-operations-s7 Independent check pendingNot Independently RetrievedHuman reviewed: no searchenginejournal.comResearch SourceResearch Synthetic Persona Operations41 linked claims

This selected reference has not received an independent source-scope review in this release.
Synthetic Identities: A Dual Threat to Enterprises - Recorded Future synthetic-persona-operations-s9 Automated scope check completeTechnical Threat Report RetrievedHuman reviewed: no Recorded FutureTechnical Threat ResearchSecondary Or Technical Synthetic Persona Operations41 linked claims
Support and limitations

Bounded support

  • The report supports a bounded claim that synthetic identity techniques create enterprise fraud and infiltration risks.

Limitations

  • Threat-intelligence reporting reflects observed cases and commercial collection visibility.
  • It does not establish the prevalence of fully autonomous persona operations.
Filtered sources APIComplete registry JSON Checked-source subset

Evidence-tension register

Disagreement and scope limits are preserved.

Each tension carries competing bounded statements, public wording, source links, and a null human-decision field. Nothing here silently resolves a contested issue.

TENSION-PERSUASION-01 · Publication Wording Defined Human Adjudication Pending

Bounded persuasion effects versus broad microtargeting claims

One evidence boundary

A preregistered short conversational study found a stronger agreement shift when GPT-4 had basic participant information.

Countervailing boundary

Other report material questions whether psychographic microtargeting reliably adds persuasive value over high-quality generic messages in broader settings.

Public wording: State the design, sample, treatment, and measured outcome. Do not generalize short-term agreement shifts into durable behavior change or population control.

Editorial handling: State the design, sample, treatment, and measured outcome. Do not generalize short-term agreement shifts into durable behavior change or population control.

Reviewer decision: pending

TENSION-AUTONOMY-01 · Publication Wording Defined Human Adjudication Pending

Demonstrated agent coordination versus durable strategic autonomy

One evidence boundary

Laboratory and synthetic-platform studies demonstrate multi-agent interaction, role division, and bounded persuasion behavior.

Countervailing boundary

Reliable multi-month strategic coherence, operational security, and independent infrastructure management remain poorly evidenced.

Public wording: Separate demonstrated components from an end-to-end autonomous campaign. Use emerging or prospective labels for the latter.

Editorial handling: Separate demonstrated components from an end-to-end autonomous campaign. Use emerging or prospective labels for the latter.

Reviewer decision: pending

TENSION-RECOMMENDATION-01 · Publication Wording Defined Human Adjudication Pending

Algorithmic amplification versus claims of universal radicalization

One evidence boundary

Ranking and recommendation systems demonstrably shape exposure, salience, and incentives.

Countervailing boundary

The report corpus also notes that broad causal claims about algorithmically radicalizing the median user remain contested and are confounded by user choice and homophily.

Public wording: Describe exposure and amplification separately from persuasion, identity change, or offline behavior.

Editorial handling: Describe exposure and amplification separately from persuasion, identity change, or offline behavior.

Reviewer decision: pending

TENSION-PROVENANCE-01 · Publication Wording Defined Human Adjudication Pending

Provenance value versus provenance limits

One evidence boundary

Content Credentials can provide cryptographically verifiable, tamper-evident provenance indicators.

Countervailing boundary

Credentials do not establish that depicted events are true, provenance can be incomplete, and metadata can be removed or separated from an asset.

Public wording: Present provenance as one defensive signal alongside source verification, fact-checking, and forensics. Absence of a credential is not proof of fakery.

Editorial handling: Present provenance as one defensive signal alongside source verification, fact-checking, and forensics. Absence of a credential is not proof of fakery.

Reviewer decision: pending

TENSION-REACH-01 · Publication Wording Defined Human Adjudication Pending

Production scale versus authentic audience effect

One evidence boundary

Generative AI can reduce production friction, expand language coverage, and support high-volume content variation.

Countervailing boundary

OpenAI's 2024 disruption report found no meaningful authentic breakout for the five observed operations.

Public wording: Report production, distribution, authentic reach, engagement, persuasion, and behavior as separate measures.

Editorial handling: Report production, distribution, authentic reach, engagement, persuasion, and behavior as separate measures.

Reviewer decision: pending

TENSION-LAW-01 · Publication Wording Defined Human Adjudication Pending

Legal safeguards are time- and jurisdiction-dependent

One evidence boundary

The reports identify existing enforcement actions and regulatory controls relevant to synthetic media, sensitive data, manipulation, and automated decision systems.

Countervailing boundary

Case posture, effective dates, definitions, constitutional constraints, and remedies vary across jurisdictions and change over time.

Public wording: Date-stamp legal statements, identify the jurisdiction and procedural posture, and require current primary-source recheck before publication acceptance.

Editorial handling: Date-stamp legal statements, identify the jurisdiction and procedural posture, and require current primary-source recheck before publication acceptance.

Reviewer decision: pending

TENSION-CAPABILITY-PREVALENCE-01 · Publication Wording Defined Human Adjudication Pending

Controlled capability versus real-world prevalence

One evidence boundary

Controlled environments and purpose-built platforms show that model-driven agents can coordinate, interact, and generate varied influence content.

Countervailing boundary

Public evidence for reliable, long-duration, fully autonomous influence operations in adversarial real-world environments remains limited.

Public wording: Describe demonstrated agent and network capabilities without presenting them as proof of widespread autonomous deployment.

Editorial handling: Keep capability, autonomy level, duration, environment, and public attribution separate in every example.

Reviewer decision: pending

TENSION-SOURCE-AUTHORITY-01 · Authoritative Source Substituted Human Adjudication Pending

Aggregator or social-post references versus primary research

One evidence boundary

The supplied report bibliography includes a social-platform post summarizing detector-bias claims.

Countervailing boundary

A peer-reviewed primary study provides the appropriate bounded evidence for the detector-bias claim and reports dataset- and tool-specific results.

Public wording: Use the primary study for the public claim while retaining the original bibliography URL only as provenance.

Editorial handling: Do not repeat headline percentages from a social post as universal detector performance.

Reviewer decision: pending

TENSION-DETECTION-BIAS-01 · Publication Wording Defined Human Adjudication Pending

Detection utility versus false-positive and population-bias risk

One evidence boundary

Automated detectors and behavioral signals can support triage when combined with provenance and network evidence.

Countervailing boundary

Text and behavior detectors can misclassify non-native, neurodivergent, assisted, or highly formal human communication and should not be treated as conclusive identity evidence.

Public wording: Present automated signals as suggestive and require multi-signal human review before consequential action.

Editorial handling: No single detector score may establish that an account or text is synthetic.

Reviewer decision: pending

Machine-readable tension register

Next evidence gate

Human editorial acceptance remains separate and pending.

The pending packet requires a named reviewer, bounded scope, category-by-category decisions, citation and safety checks, timestamp, and detached signature or explicitly authorized equivalent. This release does not simulate that decision.

Open the pending review packetReturn to the taxonomy

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