{ "allSelectedSourcesHaveResolutionRecords": true, "allSelectedSourcesReviewed": false, "baselineRelease": "v100.0.45-ai-psyops-citation-integrity-wip", "citationGraph": "/docs/research/v100.0.46/ai-psyops-signed-editorial-review-boundary/citation-graph.json", "claimCount": 501, "fullReportsPubliclyServed": false, "generatedAtUtc": "2026-07-27T22:45:00Z", "humanEditorialReviewPerformed": false, "orphanClaimCount": 0, "publicationAcceptanceClaimed": false, "release": "v100.0.46-ai-psyops-signed-editorial-review-boundary-wip", "reportCount": 12, "reports": [ { "bibliographyEntries": 39, "bytes": 52378, "currentFactRecheckRequired": true, "independentlyReverified": false, "publicSummaryPath": "/docs/research/v100.0.46/ai-psyops-signed-editorial-review-boundary/ai-assisted-traditional-psyops.md", "sha256": "1eec5ce4b5e99479617b506bab22986821a10c3b4c8d6d6daba32b64d26623d1", "slug": "ai-assisted-traditional-psyops", "title": "AI-Assisted Psychological Operations Report" }, { "bibliographyEntries": 55, "bytes": 57697, "currentFactRecheckRequired": true, "independentlyReverified": false, "publicSummaryPath": "/docs/research/v100.0.46/ai-psyops-signed-editorial-review-boundary/ai-generated-propaganda.md", "sha256": "c58150bf3ec9bcbd3312190a8119bf00c7a973b3f809b56301edb9c8e2e7a212", "slug": "ai-generated-propaganda", "title": "AI Propaganda Research Report" }, { "bibliographyEntries": 49, "bytes": 55290, "currentFactRecheckRequired": true, "independentlyReverified": false, "publicSummaryPath": "/docs/research/v100.0.46/ai-psyops-signed-editorial-review-boundary/personalized-influence.md", "sha256": "bf995b7a6534a228e3447c88b7bc028df28b2644d1f72f9d74feecb824d4f826", "slug": "personalized-influence", "title": "AI Personalized Influence Operations" }, { "bibliographyEntries": 49, "bytes": 50685, "currentFactRecheckRequired": true, "independentlyReverified": false, "publicSummaryPath": "/docs/research/v100.0.46/ai-psyops-signed-editorial-review-boundary/autonomous-influence-agents.md", "sha256": "a0abead7fbd0b6ae977424f2990ac6e5c76acc3c9d7bdae5420380e81704900f", "slug": "autonomous-influence-agents", "title": "AI Influence Agents Research" }, { "bibliographyEntries": 43, "bytes": 54193, "currentFactRecheckRequired": true, "independentlyReverified": false, "publicSummaryPath": "/docs/research/v100.0.46/ai-psyops-signed-editorial-review-boundary/synthetic-persona-operations.md", "sha256": "110e635da77e17d873c53c061cd7ef9345314a06bb70950a5dbdb164451cebe2", "slug": "synthetic-persona-operations", "title": "AI Synthetic Persona Operations Report" }, { "bibliographyEntries": 36, "bytes": 49420, "currentFactRecheckRequired": true, "independentlyReverified": false, "publicSummaryPath": "/docs/research/v100.0.46/ai-psyops-signed-editorial-review-boundary/disinformation-swarms.md", "sha256": "f6261c2c8259cb70e32b5a3f773aec044433b1ae652a2b3a0fceac76e5e88c5b", "slug": "disinformation-swarms", "title": "AI Disinformation Swarms Research Report" }, { "bibliographyEntries": 59, "bytes": 64860, "currentFactRecheckRequired": true, "independentlyReverified": false, "publicSummaryPath": "/docs/research/v100.0.46/ai-psyops-signed-editorial-review-boundary/algorithmic-perception-control.md", "sha256": "050bbe17757676e81641a6fe6d31b5959aa2b4966289f4020d632cd6d181776a", "slug": "algorithmic-perception-control", "title": "Algorithmic Perception Control Report" }, { "bibliographyEntries": 63, "bytes": 62206, "currentFactRecheckRequired": true, "independentlyReverified": false, "publicSummaryPath": "/docs/research/v100.0.46/ai-psyops-signed-editorial-review-boundary/emotional-behavioral-manipulation.md", "sha256": "a8e611d9bfa6579592843b33fc32bb79e53a35243e60b4a5d7bed43b5e704621", "slug": "emotional-behavioral-manipulation", "title": "AI Emotional Manipulation Research" }, { "bibliographyEntries": 76, "bytes": 65173, "currentFactRecheckRequired": true, "independentlyReverified": false, "publicSummaryPath": "/docs/research/v100.0.46/ai-psyops-signed-editorial-review-boundary/conversational-entrapment.md", "sha256": "422f5f7cab85965ddb2816219af790633aab469b96f4c497eca061040bfb83b7", "slug": "conversational-entrapment", "title": "AI Conversational Entrapment Research" }, { "bibliographyEntries": 65, "bytes": 62023, "currentFactRecheckRequired": true, "independentlyReverified": false, "publicSummaryPath": "/docs/research/v100.0.46/ai-psyops-signed-editorial-review-boundary/deepfake-psyops.md", "sha256": "8dec5d4accf0bd6fea3d357e9648ae18d77b3939a7c628c1caf109ed2e47e09a", "slug": "deepfake-psyops", "title": "Deepfake Psychological Operations Research" }, { "bibliographyEntries": 64, "bytes": 63529, "currentFactRecheckRequired": true, "independentlyReverified": false, "publicSummaryPath": "/docs/research/v100.0.46/ai-psyops-signed-editorial-review-boundary/predictive-population-management.md", "sha256": "07aec0936a99a11bd93706fad9af992235c4c40608a5db25962752648c16560d", "slug": "predictive-population-management", "title": "Predictive Population Management Research" }, { "bibliographyEntries": 42, "bytes": 56131, "currentFactRecheckRequired": true, "independentlyReverified": false, "publicSummaryPath": "/docs/research/v100.0.46/ai-psyops-signed-editorial-review-boundary/psychological-authority.md", "sha256": "d6fa74ceaefdcbaf02add696b1ca45dc86c436f7211a04f6385e431bdda29b77", "slug": "psychological-authority", "title": "AI Psychological Authority Research" } ], "researchIndependentlyReverified": false, "reviewedSourceCount": 30, "schema": "spiralist-ai-psyops-source-register-v2", "selectedSourceCount": 91, "sources": [ { "id": "ai-assisted-traditional-psyops-s2", "independentlyReverified": true, "inheritedFromReport": true, "reportNumber": 2, "resolution": { "authorityTier": "research-publication-or-preprint", "canonicalTitle": "[2403.14380] On the Conversational Persuasiveness of Large Language Models: A Randomized Controlled Trial - arXiv", "categorySlugs": [ "ai-assisted-traditional-psyops" ], "claimIds": [ "AIP-01-0001", "AIP-01-0002", "AIP-01-0003", "AIP-01-0004", "AIP-01-0005", "AIP-01-0006", "AIP-01-0007", "AIP-01-0008", "AIP-01-0009", "AIP-01-0010", "AIP-01-0011", "AIP-01-0012", "AIP-01-0013", "AIP-01-0014", "AIP-01-0015", "AIP-01-0016", "AIP-01-0017", "AIP-01-0018", "AIP-01-0019", "AIP-01-0022", "AIP-01-0023", "AIP-01-0024", "AIP-01-0025", "AIP-01-0026", "AIP-01-0027", "AIP-01-0028", "AIP-01-0029", "AIP-01-0030", "AIP-01-0031", "AIP-01-0032", "AIP-01-0033", "AIP-01-0034", "AIP-01-0035", "AIP-01-0036", "AIP-01-0037", "AIP-01-0038", "AIP-01-0039", "AIP-01-0040", "AIP-01-0041" ], "corroboratingUrls": [ "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41562-025-02194-6" ], "currentFactRecheckRequired": true, "humanReviewed": false, "id": "ai-assisted-traditional-psyops-s2", "independentlyReverified": true, "limitations": [ "Controlled, short-horizon setting with 820 unique participants.", "The result does not establish durable real-world behavior change or operational effectiveness." ], "originalUrl": "https://arxiv.org/abs/2403.14380", "publicationDate": null, "publicationDateStatus": "unresolved", "publisherOrVenue": "arXiv", "reportNumber": 2, "resolutionStatus": "independently-checked", "resolvedUrl": "https://arxiv.org/abs/2403.14380", "retrievalStatus": "reachable", "reviewerState": "pending", "sourceType": "research", "stableIdentifier": { "type": "arxiv", "value": "2403.14380" }, "supports": [ "The source describes a preregistered, bounded multi-round persuasion experiment.", "The 81.7 percent result applies to odds of increased agreement in the stated experimental condition, not population-level mind control." ] }, "sourceType": "research", "title": "[2403.14380] On the Conversational Persuasiveness of Large Language Models: A Randomized Controlled Trial - arXiv", "url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/2403.14380", "verification": { "authorityTier": "research-publication-or-preprint", "checkedAtUtc": "2026-07-27T16:22:30Z", "checkedBy": "automated-release-review", "corroboratingUrls": [ "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41562-025-02194-6" ], "humanReviewed": false, "limitations": [ "Controlled, short-horizon setting with 820 unique participants.", "The result does not establish durable real-world behavior change or operational effectiveness." ], "resolvedUrl": "https://arxiv.org/abs/2403.14380", "status": "selected-source-checked", "supports": [ "The source describes a preregistered, bounded multi-round persuasion experiment.", "The 81.7 percent result applies to odds of increased agreement in the stated experimental condition, not population-level mind control." ], "urlStatus": "reachable" } }, { "id": "ai-assisted-traditional-psyops-s30", "independentlyReverified": false, "inheritedFromReport": true, "reportNumber": 30, "resolution": { "authorityTier": "research-source", "canonicalTitle": "A Rule Book on the Shelf? Tallinn Manual 2.0 on Cyberoperations and Subsequent State Practice | American Journal of International Law | Cambridge Core", "categorySlugs": [ "ai-assisted-traditional-psyops" ], "claimIds": [ "AIP-01-0001", "AIP-01-0002", "AIP-01-0003", "AIP-01-0004", "AIP-01-0005", "AIP-01-0006", "AIP-01-0007", "AIP-01-0008", "AIP-01-0009", "AIP-01-0010", "AIP-01-0011", "AIP-01-0012", "AIP-01-0013", "AIP-01-0014", "AIP-01-0015", "AIP-01-0016", "AIP-01-0017", "AIP-01-0018", "AIP-01-0019", "AIP-01-0022", "AIP-01-0023", "AIP-01-0024", "AIP-01-0025", "AIP-01-0026", "AIP-01-0027", "AIP-01-0028", "AIP-01-0029", "AIP-01-0030", "AIP-01-0031", "AIP-01-0032", "AIP-01-0033", "AIP-01-0034", "AIP-01-0035", "AIP-01-0036", "AIP-01-0037", "AIP-01-0038", "AIP-01-0039", "AIP-01-0040", "AIP-01-0041" ], "corroboratingUrls": [], "currentFactRecheckRequired": true, "humanReviewed": false, "id": "ai-assisted-traditional-psyops-s30", "independentlyReverified": false, "limitations": [ "This selected reference has not received an independent source-scope review in this release." ], "originalUrl": "https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/american-journal-of-international-law/article/rule-book-on-the-shelf-tallinn-manual-20-on-cyberoperations-and-subsequent-state-practice/54FBA2B30081B53353B5D2F06F778C14", "publicationDate": null, "publicationDateStatus": "unresolved", "publisherOrVenue": "cambridge.org", "reportNumber": 30, "resolutionStatus": "metadata-inherited-resolution-pending", "resolvedUrl": "https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/american-journal-of-international-law/article/rule-book-on-the-shelf-tallinn-manual-20-on-cyberoperations-and-subsequent-state-practice/54FBA2B30081B53353B5D2F06F778C14", "retrievalStatus": "not-independently-retrieved", "reviewerState": "pending", "sourceType": "research", "stableIdentifier": { "type": "url", "value": "https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/american-journal-of-international-law/article/rule-book-on-the-shelf-tallinn-manual-20-on-cyberoperations-and-subsequent-state-practice/54FBA2B30081B53353B5D2F06F778C14" }, "supports": [] }, "sourceType": "research", "title": "A Rule Book on the Shelf? Tallinn Manual 2.0 on Cyberoperations and Subsequent State Practice | American Journal of International Law | Cambridge Core", "url": "https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/american-journal-of-international-law/article/rule-book-on-the-shelf-tallinn-manual-20-on-cyberoperations-and-subsequent-state-practice/54FBA2B30081B53353B5D2F06F778C14" }, { "id": "ai-assisted-traditional-psyops-s5", "independentlyReverified": true, "inheritedFromReport": true, "reportNumber": 5, "resolution": { "authorityTier": "official-government-technical-report", "canonicalTitle": "Germany Targeted by the Pro-Russian Disinformation Campaign “Doppelgänger”", "categorySlugs": [ "ai-assisted-traditional-psyops" ], "claimIds": [ "AIP-01-0001", "AIP-01-0002", "AIP-01-0003", "AIP-01-0004", "AIP-01-0005", "AIP-01-0006", "AIP-01-0007", "AIP-01-0008", "AIP-01-0009", "AIP-01-0010", "AIP-01-0011", "AIP-01-0012", "AIP-01-0013", "AIP-01-0014", "AIP-01-0015", "AIP-01-0016", "AIP-01-0017", "AIP-01-0018", "AIP-01-0019", "AIP-01-0021", "AIP-01-0022", "AIP-01-0023", "AIP-01-0024", "AIP-01-0025", "AIP-01-0026", "AIP-01-0027", "AIP-01-0028", "AIP-01-0029", "AIP-01-0030", "AIP-01-0031", "AIP-01-0032", "AIP-01-0033", "AIP-01-0034", "AIP-01-0035", "AIP-01-0036", "AIP-01-0037", "AIP-01-0038", "AIP-01-0039", "AIP-01-0040", "AIP-01-0041" ], "corroboratingUrls": [], "currentFactRecheckRequired": true, "humanReviewed": false, "id": "ai-assisted-traditional-psyops-s5", "independentlyReverified": true, "limitations": [ "A government technical report reflects the collecting institution's visibility and attribution methodology.", "Operational reach and content volume are not evidence of attitude or behavior change." ], "originalUrl": "https://www.auswaertiges-amt.de/resource/blob/2682484/2da31936d1cbeb9faec49df74d8bbe2e/technischer-bericht-desinformationskampagne-doppelgaenger-1--data.pdf", "publicationDate": null, "publicationDateStatus": "unresolved", "publisherOrVenue": "German Federal Foreign Office", "reportNumber": 5, "resolutionStatus": "independently-checked", "resolvedUrl": "https://www.auswaertiges-amt.de/resource/blob/2682484/2da31936d1cbeb9faec49df74d8bbe2e/technischer-bericht-desinformationskampagne-doppelgaenger-1--data.pdf", "retrievalStatus": "official-technical-report-retrieved", "reviewerState": "pending", "sourceType": "official-or-institutional", "stableIdentifier": { "type": "url", "value": "https://www.auswaertiges-amt.de/resource/blob/2682484/2da31936d1cbeb9faec49df74d8bbe2e/technischer-bericht-desinformationskampagne-doppelgaenger-1--data.pdf" }, "supports": [ "The German Foreign Office report documents technical indicators associated with the Doppelgänger campaign and supports a bounded claim that the operation used coordinated deceptive infrastructure.", "The source supports campaign-attribution and infrastructure claims within the report's stated scope; it does not establish durable persuasion effects." ] }, "sourceType": "official-or-institutional", "title": "Germany Targeted by the Pro-Russian Disinformation Campaign “Doppelgänger”", "url": "https://www.auswaertiges-amt.de/resource/blob/2682484/2da31936d1cbeb9faec49df74d8bbe2e/technischer-bericht-desinformationskampagne-doppelgaenger-1--data.pdf", "verification": { "authorityTier": "official-government-technical-report", "checkedAtUtc": "2026-07-27T18:45:00Z", "checkedBy": "automated-release-source-review", "corroboratingUrls": [], "humanReviewed": false, "limitations": [ "A government technical report reflects the collecting institution's visibility and attribution methodology.", "Operational reach and content volume are not evidence of attitude or behavior change." ], "resolvedUrl": "https://www.auswaertiges-amt.de/resource/blob/2682484/2da31936d1cbeb9faec49df74d8bbe2e/technischer-bericht-desinformationskampagne-doppelgaenger-1--data.pdf", "status": "selected-source-checked", "supports": [ "The German Foreign Office report documents technical indicators associated with the Doppelgänger campaign and supports a bounded claim that the operation used coordinated deceptive infrastructure.", "The source supports campaign-attribution and infrastructure claims within the report's stated scope; it does not establish durable persuasion effects." ], "urlStatus": "official-technical-report-retrieved" } }, { "id": "ai-assisted-traditional-psyops-s6", "independentlyReverified": true, "inheritedFromReport": true, "reportNumber": 6, "resolution": { "authorityTier": "official-or-institutional-source", "canonicalTitle": "Disrupting deceptive uses of AI by covert influence operations - OpenAI", "categorySlugs": [ "ai-assisted-traditional-psyops" ], "claimIds": [ "AIP-01-0001", "AIP-01-0002", "AIP-01-0003", "AIP-01-0004", "AIP-01-0005", "AIP-01-0006", "AIP-01-0007", "AIP-01-0008", "AIP-01-0009", "AIP-01-0010", "AIP-01-0011", "AIP-01-0012", "AIP-01-0013", "AIP-01-0014", "AIP-01-0015", "AIP-01-0016", "AIP-01-0017", "AIP-01-0018", "AIP-01-0019", "AIP-01-0020", "AIP-01-0022", "AIP-01-0023", "AIP-01-0024", "AIP-01-0025", "AIP-01-0026", "AIP-01-0027", "AIP-01-0028", "AIP-01-0029", "AIP-01-0030", "AIP-01-0031", "AIP-01-0032", "AIP-01-0033", "AIP-01-0034", "AIP-01-0035", "AIP-01-0036", "AIP-01-0037", "AIP-01-0038", "AIP-01-0039", "AIP-01-0040", "AIP-01-0041" ], "corroboratingUrls": [], "currentFactRecheckRequired": true, "humanReviewed": false, "id": "ai-assisted-traditional-psyops-s6", "independentlyReverified": true, "limitations": [ "Provider-authored threat reporting covers activity visible to that provider.", "No claim is made that all campaign activity or downstream effects were observed." ], "originalUrl": "https://openai.com/index/disrupting-deceptive-uses-of-ai-by-covert-influence-operations/", "publicationDate": null, "publicationDateStatus": "unresolved", "publisherOrVenue": "OpenAI", "reportNumber": 6, "resolutionStatus": "independently-checked", "resolvedUrl": "https://openai.com/index/disrupting-deceptive-uses-of-ai-by-covert-influence-operations/", "retrievalStatus": "reachable", "reviewerState": "pending", "sourceType": "official-or-institutional", "stableIdentifier": { "type": "url", "value": "https://openai.com/index/disrupting-deceptive-uses-of-ai-by-covert-influence-operations/" }, "supports": [ "OpenAI reported disrupting five covert influence operations that used its models for content, translation, research, and code assistance.", "The same report stated that those operations did not appear to gain meaningful authentic reach or engagement from the service." ] }, "sourceType": "official-or-institutional", "title": "Disrupting deceptive uses of AI by covert influence operations - OpenAI", "url": "https://openai.com/index/disrupting-deceptive-uses-of-ai-by-covert-influence-operations/", "verification": { "authorityTier": "official-or-institutional-source", "checkedAtUtc": "2026-07-27T16:22:30Z", "checkedBy": "automated-release-review", "corroboratingUrls": [], "humanReviewed": false, "limitations": [ "Provider-authored threat reporting covers activity visible to that provider.", "No claim is made that all campaign activity or downstream effects were observed." ], "resolvedUrl": "https://openai.com/index/disrupting-deceptive-uses-of-ai-by-covert-influence-operations/", "status": "selected-source-checked", "supports": [ "OpenAI reported disrupting five covert influence operations that used its models for content, translation, research, and code assistance.", "The same report stated that those operations did not appear to gain meaningful authentic reach or engagement from the service." ], "urlStatus": "reachable" } }, { "id": "ai-assisted-traditional-psyops-s8", "independentlyReverified": false, "inheritedFromReport": true, "reportNumber": 8, "resolution": { "authorityTier": "secondary-or-technical", "canonicalTitle": "What Lies Ahead for Generative AI Watermarking", "categorySlugs": [ "ai-assisted-traditional-psyops" ], "claimIds": [ "AIP-01-0001", "AIP-01-0002", "AIP-01-0003", "AIP-01-0004", "AIP-01-0005", "AIP-01-0006", "AIP-01-0007", "AIP-01-0008", "AIP-01-0009", "AIP-01-0010", "AIP-01-0011", "AIP-01-0012", "AIP-01-0013", "AIP-01-0014", "AIP-01-0015", "AIP-01-0016", "AIP-01-0017", "AIP-01-0018", "AIP-01-0019", "AIP-01-0022", "AIP-01-0023", "AIP-01-0024", "AIP-01-0025", "AIP-01-0026", "AIP-01-0027", "AIP-01-0028", "AIP-01-0029", "AIP-01-0030", "AIP-01-0031", "AIP-01-0032", "AIP-01-0033", "AIP-01-0034", "AIP-01-0035", "AIP-01-0036", "AIP-01-0037", "AIP-01-0038", "AIP-01-0039", "AIP-01-0040", "AIP-01-0041" ], "corroboratingUrls": [], "currentFactRecheckRequired": true, "humanReviewed": false, "id": "ai-assisted-traditional-psyops-s8", "independentlyReverified": false, "limitations": [ "This selected reference has not received an independent source-scope review in this release." ], "originalUrl": "https://blog.genlaw.org/pdfs/genlaw_icml2024/27.pdf", "publicationDate": null, "publicationDateStatus": "unresolved", "publisherOrVenue": "blog.genlaw.org", "reportNumber": 8, "resolutionStatus": "metadata-inherited-resolution-pending", "resolvedUrl": "https://blog.genlaw.org/pdfs/genlaw_icml2024/27.pdf", "retrievalStatus": "not-independently-retrieved", "reviewerState": "pending", "sourceType": "secondary-or-technical", "stableIdentifier": { "type": "url", "value": "https://blog.genlaw.org/pdfs/genlaw_icml2024/27.pdf" }, "supports": [] }, "sourceType": "secondary-or-technical", "title": "What Lies Ahead for Generative AI Watermarking", "url": "https://blog.genlaw.org/pdfs/genlaw_icml2024/27.pdf" }, { "id": "ai-generated-propaganda-s2", "independentlyReverified": true, "inheritedFromReport": true, "reportNumber": 2, "resolution": { "authorityTier": "academic-policy-brief", "canonicalTitle": "How Persuasive Is AI-Generated Propaganda? - Stanford HAI", "categorySlugs": [ "ai-generated-propaganda" ], "claimIds": [ "AIP-02-0042", "AIP-02-0043", "AIP-02-0044", "AIP-02-0045", "AIP-02-0046", "AIP-02-0047", "AIP-02-0048", "AIP-02-0049", "AIP-02-0050", "AIP-02-0051", "AIP-02-0052", "AIP-02-0053", "AIP-02-0054", "AIP-02-0055", "AIP-02-0056", "AIP-02-0057", "AIP-02-0058", "AIP-02-0059", "AIP-02-0060", "AIP-02-0063", "AIP-02-0064", "AIP-02-0065", "AIP-02-0066", "AIP-02-0067", "AIP-02-0068", "AIP-02-0069", "AIP-02-0070", "AIP-02-0071", "AIP-02-0072", "AIP-02-0073", "AIP-02-0074", "AIP-02-0075", "AIP-02-0076", "AIP-02-0077", "AIP-02-0078", "AIP-02-0079", "AIP-02-0080", "AIP-02-0081", "AIP-02-0082" ], "corroboratingUrls": [], "currentFactRecheckRequired": true, "humanReviewed": false, "id": "ai-generated-propaganda-s2", "independentlyReverified": true, "limitations": [ "A policy brief synthesizes underlying research and should be read with the cited studies.", "Experimental agreement shifts do not establish durable political behavior change." ], "originalUrl": "https://hai.stanford.edu/assets/files/2024-08/HAI-Policy-Brief-AI-Generated-Propaganda.pdf", "publicationDate": null, "publicationDateStatus": "unresolved", "publisherOrVenue": "Stanford Institute for Human-Centered AI", "reportNumber": 2, "resolutionStatus": "independently-checked", "resolvedUrl": "https://hai.stanford.edu/assets/files/2024-08/HAI-Policy-Brief-AI-Generated-Propaganda.pdf", "retrievalStatus": "research-policy-brief-retrieved", "reviewerState": "pending", "sourceType": "research", "stableIdentifier": { "type": "url", "value": "https://hai.stanford.edu/assets/files/2024-08/HAI-Policy-Brief-AI-Generated-Propaganda.pdf" }, "supports": [ "The policy brief summarizes controlled research on AI-generated propaganda and supports the claim that model-generated text can be persuasive under bounded experimental conditions.", "The source distinguishes technical capability from real-world campaign prevalence and impact." ] }, "sourceType": "research", "title": "How Persuasive Is AI-Generated Propaganda? - Stanford HAI", "url": "https://hai.stanford.edu/assets/files/2024-08/HAI-Policy-Brief-AI-Generated-Propaganda.pdf", "verification": { "authorityTier": "academic-policy-brief", "checkedAtUtc": "2026-07-27T18:45:00Z", "checkedBy": "automated-release-source-review", "corroboratingUrls": [], "humanReviewed": false, "limitations": [ "A policy brief synthesizes underlying research and should be read with the cited studies.", "Experimental agreement shifts do not establish durable political behavior change." ], "resolvedUrl": "https://hai.stanford.edu/assets/files/2024-08/HAI-Policy-Brief-AI-Generated-Propaganda.pdf", "status": "selected-source-checked", "supports": [ "The policy brief summarizes controlled research on AI-generated propaganda and supports the claim that model-generated text can be persuasive under bounded experimental conditions.", "The source distinguishes technical capability from real-world campaign prevalence and impact." ], "urlStatus": "research-policy-brief-retrieved" } }, { "id": "ai-generated-propaganda-s25", "independentlyReverified": false, "inheritedFromReport": true, "reportNumber": 25, "resolution": { "authorityTier": "secondary-or-technical", "canonicalTitle": "Doppelganger: CORRECTIV investigations bring Russian propaganda campaign to a halt", "categorySlugs": [ "ai-generated-propaganda" ], "claimIds": [ "AIP-02-0042", "AIP-02-0043", "AIP-02-0044", "AIP-02-0045", "AIP-02-0046", "AIP-02-0047", "AIP-02-0048", "AIP-02-0049", "AIP-02-0050", "AIP-02-0051", "AIP-02-0052", "AIP-02-0053", "AIP-02-0054", "AIP-02-0055", "AIP-02-0056", "AIP-02-0057", "AIP-02-0058", "AIP-02-0059", "AIP-02-0060", "AIP-02-0063", "AIP-02-0064", "AIP-02-0065", "AIP-02-0066", "AIP-02-0067", "AIP-02-0068", "AIP-02-0069", "AIP-02-0070", "AIP-02-0071", "AIP-02-0072", "AIP-02-0073", "AIP-02-0074", "AIP-02-0075", "AIP-02-0076", "AIP-02-0077", "AIP-02-0078", "AIP-02-0079", "AIP-02-0080", "AIP-02-0081", "AIP-02-0082" ], "corroboratingUrls": [], "currentFactRecheckRequired": true, "humanReviewed": false, "id": "ai-generated-propaganda-s25", "independentlyReverified": false, "limitations": [ "This selected reference has not received an independent source-scope review in this release." ], "originalUrl": "https://edmo.eu/publications/doppelganger-correctiv-investigations-bring-russian-propaganda-campaign-to-a-halt/", "publicationDate": null, "publicationDateStatus": "unresolved", "publisherOrVenue": "edmo.eu", "reportNumber": 25, "resolutionStatus": "metadata-inherited-resolution-pending", "resolvedUrl": "https://edmo.eu/publications/doppelganger-correctiv-investigations-bring-russian-propaganda-campaign-to-a-halt/", "retrievalStatus": "not-independently-retrieved", "reviewerState": "pending", "sourceType": "secondary-or-technical", "stableIdentifier": { "type": "url", "value": "https://edmo.eu/publications/doppelganger-correctiv-investigations-bring-russian-propaganda-campaign-to-a-halt/" }, "supports": [] }, "sourceType": "secondary-or-technical", "title": "Doppelganger: CORRECTIV investigations bring Russian propaganda campaign to a halt", "url": "https://edmo.eu/publications/doppelganger-correctiv-investigations-bring-russian-propaganda-campaign-to-a-halt/" }, { "id": "ai-generated-propaganda-s35", "independentlyReverified": false, "inheritedFromReport": true, "reportNumber": 35, "resolution": { "authorityTier": "secondary-or-technical", "canonicalTitle": "Liar's dividend - Wikipedia", "categorySlugs": [ "ai-generated-propaganda" ], "claimIds": [ "AIP-02-0042", "AIP-02-0043", "AIP-02-0044", "AIP-02-0045", "AIP-02-0046", "AIP-02-0047", "AIP-02-0048", "AIP-02-0049", "AIP-02-0050", "AIP-02-0051", "AIP-02-0052", "AIP-02-0053", "AIP-02-0054", "AIP-02-0055", "AIP-02-0056", "AIP-02-0057", "AIP-02-0058", "AIP-02-0059", "AIP-02-0060", "AIP-02-0063", "AIP-02-0064", "AIP-02-0065", "AIP-02-0066", "AIP-02-0067", "AIP-02-0068", "AIP-02-0069", "AIP-02-0070", "AIP-02-0071", "AIP-02-0072", "AIP-02-0073", "AIP-02-0074", "AIP-02-0075", "AIP-02-0076", "AIP-02-0077", "AIP-02-0078", "AIP-02-0079", "AIP-02-0080", "AIP-02-0081", "AIP-02-0082" ], "corroboratingUrls": [], "currentFactRecheckRequired": true, "humanReviewed": false, "id": "ai-generated-propaganda-s35", "independentlyReverified": false, "limitations": [ "This selected reference has not received an independent source-scope review in this release." ], "originalUrl": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liar%27s_dividend", "publicationDate": null, "publicationDateStatus": "unresolved", "publisherOrVenue": "en.wikipedia.org", "reportNumber": 35, "resolutionStatus": "metadata-inherited-resolution-pending", "resolvedUrl": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liar%27s_dividend", "retrievalStatus": "not-independently-retrieved", "reviewerState": "pending", "sourceType": "secondary-or-technical", "stableIdentifier": { "type": "url", "value": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liar%27s_dividend" }, "supports": [] }, "sourceType": "secondary-or-technical", "title": "Liar's dividend - Wikipedia", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liar%27s_dividend" }, { "id": "ai-generated-propaganda-s37", "independentlyReverified": true, "inheritedFromReport": true, "reportNumber": 37, "resolution": { "authorityTier": "secondary-or-technical-source", "canonicalTitle": "Political Consultant Fined for AI-Generated Biden Robocalls - OECD.AI", "categorySlugs": [ "ai-generated-propaganda" ], "claimIds": [ "AIP-02-0042", "AIP-02-0043", "AIP-02-0044", "AIP-02-0045", "AIP-02-0046", "AIP-02-0047", "AIP-02-0048", "AIP-02-0049", "AIP-02-0050", "AIP-02-0051", "AIP-02-0052", "AIP-02-0053", "AIP-02-0054", "AIP-02-0055", "AIP-02-0056", "AIP-02-0057", "AIP-02-0058", "AIP-02-0059", "AIP-02-0060", "AIP-02-0063", "AIP-02-0064", "AIP-02-0065", "AIP-02-0066", "AIP-02-0067", "AIP-02-0068", "AIP-02-0069", "AIP-02-0070", "AIP-02-0071", "AIP-02-0072", "AIP-02-0073", "AIP-02-0074", "AIP-02-0075", "AIP-02-0076", "AIP-02-0077", "AIP-02-0078", "AIP-02-0079", "AIP-02-0080", "AIP-02-0081", "AIP-02-0082" ], "corroboratingUrls": [ "https://docs.fcc.gov/public/attachments/FCC-24-104A1.pdf", "https://docs.fcc.gov/public/attachments/DOC-405811A1.pdf" ], "currentFactRecheckRequired": true, "humanReviewed": false, "id": "ai-generated-propaganda-s37", "independentlyReverified": true, "limitations": [ "The enforcement action establishes the conduct and penalty; it does not quantify how many voters changed behavior." ], "originalUrl": "https://oecd.ai/en/incidents/2024-09-26-aeb1", "publicationDate": null, "publicationDateStatus": "unresolved", "publisherOrVenue": "U.S. Federal Communications Commission", "reportNumber": 37, "resolutionStatus": "independently-checked", "resolvedUrl": "https://www.fcc.gov/document/fcc-issues-6m-fine-nh-robocalls", "retrievalStatus": "secondary-record-corroborated-by-official-source", "reviewerState": "pending", "sourceType": "secondary-or-technical", "stableIdentifier": { "type": "url", "value": "https://www.fcc.gov/document/fcc-issues-6m-fine-nh-robocalls" }, "supports": [ "The FCC imposed a 6 million dollar forfeiture against Steve Kramer for illegal New Hampshire robocalls using a deepfake AI voice message and caller-ID spoofing." ] }, "sourceType": "secondary-or-technical", "title": "Political Consultant Fined for AI-Generated Biden Robocalls - OECD.AI", "url": "https://oecd.ai/en/incidents/2024-09-26-aeb1", "verification": { "authorityTier": "secondary-or-technical-source", "checkedAtUtc": "2026-07-27T16:22:30Z", "checkedBy": "automated-release-review", "corroboratingUrls": [ "https://docs.fcc.gov/public/attachments/FCC-24-104A1.pdf", "https://docs.fcc.gov/public/attachments/DOC-405811A1.pdf" ], "humanReviewed": false, "limitations": [ "The enforcement action establishes the conduct and penalty; it does not quantify how many voters changed behavior." ], "resolvedUrl": "https://www.fcc.gov/document/fcc-issues-6m-fine-nh-robocalls", "status": "selected-source-corroborated", "supports": [ "The FCC imposed a 6 million dollar forfeiture against Steve Kramer for illegal New Hampshire robocalls using a deepfake AI voice message and caller-ID spoofing." ], "urlStatus": "secondary-record-corroborated-by-official-source" } }, { "id": "ai-generated-propaganda-s41", "independentlyReverified": false, "inheritedFromReport": true, "reportNumber": 41, "resolution": { "authorityTier": "secondary-or-technical", "canonicalTitle": "Group sues after novel Biden deepfake urged voters to skip N.H. primary", "categorySlugs": [ "ai-generated-propaganda" ], "claimIds": [ "AIP-02-0042", "AIP-02-0043", "AIP-02-0044", "AIP-02-0045", "AIP-02-0046", "AIP-02-0047", "AIP-02-0048", "AIP-02-0049", "AIP-02-0050", "AIP-02-0051", "AIP-02-0052", "AIP-02-0053", "AIP-02-0054", "AIP-02-0055", "AIP-02-0056", "AIP-02-0057", "AIP-02-0058", "AIP-02-0059", "AIP-02-0060", "AIP-02-0062", "AIP-02-0063", "AIP-02-0064", "AIP-02-0065", "AIP-02-0066", "AIP-02-0067", "AIP-02-0068", "AIP-02-0069", "AIP-02-0070", "AIP-02-0071", "AIP-02-0072", "AIP-02-0073", "AIP-02-0074", "AIP-02-0075", "AIP-02-0076", "AIP-02-0077", "AIP-02-0078", "AIP-02-0079", "AIP-02-0080", "AIP-02-0081", "AIP-02-0082" ], "corroboratingUrls": [], "currentFactRecheckRequired": true, "humanReviewed": false, "id": "ai-generated-propaganda-s41", "independentlyReverified": false, "limitations": [ "This selected reference has not received an independent source-scope review in this release." ], "originalUrl": "https://www.lwv.org/newsroom/news-clips/group-sues-after-novel-biden-deepfake-urged-voters-skip-nh-primary", "publicationDate": null, "publicationDateStatus": "unresolved", "publisherOrVenue": "lwv.org", "reportNumber": 41, "resolutionStatus": "metadata-inherited-resolution-pending", "resolvedUrl": "https://www.lwv.org/newsroom/news-clips/group-sues-after-novel-biden-deepfake-urged-voters-skip-nh-primary", "retrievalStatus": "not-independently-retrieved", "reviewerState": "pending", "sourceType": "secondary-or-technical", "stableIdentifier": { "type": "url", "value": "https://www.lwv.org/newsroom/news-clips/group-sues-after-novel-biden-deepfake-urged-voters-skip-nh-primary" }, "supports": [] }, "sourceType": "secondary-or-technical", "title": "Group sues after novel Biden deepfake urged voters to skip N.H. primary", "url": "https://www.lwv.org/newsroom/news-clips/group-sues-after-novel-biden-deepfake-urged-voters-skip-nh-primary" }, { "id": "ai-generated-propaganda-s8", "independentlyReverified": false, "inheritedFromReport": true, "reportNumber": 8, "resolution": { "authorityTier": "secondary-or-technical", "canonicalTitle": "Inside the CopyCop Playbook: How to Fight Back in the Age of Synthetic Media", "categorySlugs": [ "ai-generated-propaganda" ], "claimIds": [ "AIP-02-0042", "AIP-02-0043", "AIP-02-0044", "AIP-02-0045", "AIP-02-0046", "AIP-02-0047", "AIP-02-0048", "AIP-02-0049", "AIP-02-0050", "AIP-02-0051", "AIP-02-0052", "AIP-02-0053", "AIP-02-0054", "AIP-02-0055", "AIP-02-0056", "AIP-02-0057", "AIP-02-0058", "AIP-02-0059", "AIP-02-0060", "AIP-02-0061", "AIP-02-0063", "AIP-02-0064", "AIP-02-0065", "AIP-02-0066", "AIP-02-0067", "AIP-02-0068", "AIP-02-0069", "AIP-02-0070", "AIP-02-0071", "AIP-02-0072", "AIP-02-0073", "AIP-02-0074", "AIP-02-0075", "AIP-02-0076", "AIP-02-0077", "AIP-02-0078", "AIP-02-0079", "AIP-02-0080", "AIP-02-0081", "AIP-02-0082" ], "corroboratingUrls": [], "currentFactRecheckRequired": true, "humanReviewed": false, "id": "ai-generated-propaganda-s8", "independentlyReverified": false, "limitations": [ "This selected reference has not received an independent source-scope review in this release." ], "originalUrl": "https://www.recordedfuture.com/blog/inside-the-copycop-playbook", "publicationDate": null, "publicationDateStatus": "unresolved", "publisherOrVenue": "Recorded Future", "reportNumber": 8, "resolutionStatus": "metadata-inherited-resolution-pending", "resolvedUrl": "https://www.recordedfuture.com/blog/inside-the-copycop-playbook", "retrievalStatus": "not-independently-retrieved", "reviewerState": "pending", "sourceType": "secondary-or-technical", "stableIdentifier": { "type": "url", "value": "https://www.recordedfuture.com/blog/inside-the-copycop-playbook" }, "supports": [] }, "sourceType": "secondary-or-technical", "title": "Inside the CopyCop Playbook: How to Fight Back in the Age of Synthetic Media", "url": "https://www.recordedfuture.com/blog/inside-the-copycop-playbook" }, { "id": "ai-generated-propaganda-s9", "independentlyReverified": true, "inheritedFromReport": true, "reportNumber": 9, "resolution": { "authorityTier": "research-publication-or-preprint", "canonicalTitle": "How persuasive is AI-generated propaganda? | PNAS Nexus - Oxford Academic", "categorySlugs": [ "ai-generated-propaganda" ], "claimIds": [ "AIP-02-0042", "AIP-02-0043", "AIP-02-0044", "AIP-02-0045", "AIP-02-0046", "AIP-02-0047", "AIP-02-0048", "AIP-02-0049", "AIP-02-0050", "AIP-02-0051", "AIP-02-0052", "AIP-02-0053", "AIP-02-0054", "AIP-02-0055", "AIP-02-0056", "AIP-02-0057", "AIP-02-0058", "AIP-02-0059", "AIP-02-0060", "AIP-02-0061", "AIP-02-0063", "AIP-02-0064", "AIP-02-0065", "AIP-02-0066", "AIP-02-0067", "AIP-02-0068", "AIP-02-0069", "AIP-02-0070", "AIP-02-0071", "AIP-02-0072", "AIP-02-0073", "AIP-02-0074", "AIP-02-0075", "AIP-02-0076", "AIP-02-0077", "AIP-02-0078", "AIP-02-0079", "AIP-02-0080", "AIP-02-0081", "AIP-02-0082" ], "corroboratingUrls": [ "https://hai.stanford.edu/assets/files/2024-08/HAI-Policy-Brief-AI-Generated-Propaganda.pdf" ], "currentFactRecheckRequired": true, "humanReviewed": false, "id": "ai-generated-propaganda-s9", "independentlyReverified": true, "limitations": [ "Exposure to a study article is not equivalent to sustained, multi-platform influence.", "Measured agreement shifts do not by themselves establish durable behavior change." ], "originalUrl": "https://academic.oup.com/pnasnexus/article/3/2/pgae034/7610937", "publicationDate": null, "publicationDateStatus": "unresolved", "publisherOrVenue": "Oxford Academic", "reportNumber": 9, "resolutionStatus": "independently-checked", "resolvedUrl": "https://academic.oup.com/pnasnexus/article/3/2/pgae034/7610937", "retrievalStatus": "reachable", "reviewerState": "pending", "sourceType": "research", "stableIdentifier": { "type": "url", "value": "https://academic.oup.com/pnasnexus/article/3/2/pgae034/7610937" }, "supports": [ "The peer-reviewed study tests the persuasiveness of AI-generated propaganda under bounded survey-experiment conditions.", "The study supports capability claims, not prevalence or long-term campaign success claims." ] }, "sourceType": "research", "title": "How persuasive is AI-generated propaganda? | PNAS Nexus - Oxford Academic", "url": "https://academic.oup.com/pnasnexus/article/3/2/pgae034/7610937", "verification": { "authorityTier": "research-publication-or-preprint", "checkedAtUtc": "2026-07-27T16:22:30Z", "checkedBy": "automated-release-review", "corroboratingUrls": [ "https://hai.stanford.edu/assets/files/2024-08/HAI-Policy-Brief-AI-Generated-Propaganda.pdf" ], "humanReviewed": false, "limitations": [ "Exposure to a study article is not equivalent to sustained, multi-platform influence.", "Measured agreement shifts do not by themselves establish durable behavior change." ], "resolvedUrl": "https://academic.oup.com/pnasnexus/article/3/2/pgae034/7610937", "status": "selected-source-checked", "supports": [ "The peer-reviewed study tests the persuasiveness of AI-generated propaganda under bounded survey-experiment conditions.", "The study supports capability claims, not prevalence or long-term campaign success claims." ], "urlStatus": "reachable" } }, { "id": "algorithmic-perception-control-s14", "independentlyReverified": true, "inheritedFromReport": true, "reportNumber": 14, "resolution": { "authorityTier": "peer-reviewed-security-research", "canonicalTitle": "Ephemeral Astroturfing Attacks: The Case of Fake Twitter Trends - Rebekah Overdorf", "categorySlugs": [ "algorithmic-perception-control" ], "claimIds": [ "AIP-07-0250", "AIP-07-0251", "AIP-07-0252", "AIP-07-0253", "AIP-07-0254", "AIP-07-0255", "AIP-07-0256", "AIP-07-0257", "AIP-07-0258", "AIP-07-0259", "AIP-07-0260", "AIP-07-0261", "AIP-07-0262", "AIP-07-0263", "AIP-07-0264", "AIP-07-0265", "AIP-07-0266", "AIP-07-0267", "AIP-07-0268", "AIP-07-0269", "AIP-07-0271", "AIP-07-0272", "AIP-07-0273", "AIP-07-0274", "AIP-07-0275", "AIP-07-0276", "AIP-07-0277", "AIP-07-0278", "AIP-07-0279", "AIP-07-0280", "AIP-07-0281", "AIP-07-0282", "AIP-07-0283", "AIP-07-0284", "AIP-07-0285", "AIP-07-0286", "AIP-07-0287", "AIP-07-0288", "AIP-07-0289", "AIP-07-0290", "AIP-07-0291" ], "corroboratingUrls": [], "currentFactRecheckRequired": true, "humanReviewed": false, "id": "algorithmic-perception-control-s14", "independentlyReverified": true, "limitations": [ "The observed platform and time period do not establish identical prevalence on other platforms or after later system changes.", "Detection thresholds and platform internals may change." ], "originalUrl": "https://overdorf.github.io/assets/papers/21EuroSP.pdf", "publicationDate": null, "publicationDateStatus": "unresolved", "publisherOrVenue": "Academic author-hosted paper", "reportNumber": 14, "resolutionStatus": "independently-checked", "resolvedUrl": "https://overdorf.github.io/assets/papers/21EuroSP.pdf", "retrievalStatus": "peer-reviewed-conference-paper-retrieved", "reviewerState": "pending", "sourceType": "secondary-or-technical", "stableIdentifier": { "type": "url", "value": "https://overdorf.github.io/assets/papers/21EuroSP.pdf" }, "supports": [ "The study documents ephemeral astroturfing as a manipulation of trending systems and supports a bounded claim about coordinated deletion and trend visibility." ] }, "sourceType": "secondary-or-technical", "title": "Ephemeral Astroturfing Attacks: The Case of Fake Twitter Trends - Rebekah Overdorf", "url": "https://overdorf.github.io/assets/papers/21EuroSP.pdf", "verification": { "authorityTier": "peer-reviewed-security-research", "checkedAtUtc": "2026-07-27T18:45:00Z", "checkedBy": "automated-release-source-review", "corroboratingUrls": [], "humanReviewed": false, "limitations": [ "The observed platform and time period do not establish identical prevalence on other platforms or after later system changes.", "Detection thresholds and platform internals may change." ], "resolvedUrl": "https://overdorf.github.io/assets/papers/21EuroSP.pdf", "status": "selected-source-checked", "supports": [ "The study documents ephemeral astroturfing as a manipulation of trending systems and supports a bounded claim about coordinated deletion and trend visibility." ], "urlStatus": "peer-reviewed-conference-paper-retrieved" } }, { "id": "algorithmic-perception-control-s2", "independentlyReverified": false, "inheritedFromReport": true, "reportNumber": 2, "resolution": { "authorityTier": "research-source", "canonicalTitle": "How do social media feed algorithms affect attitudes and behavior in an election campaign?", "categorySlugs": [ "algorithmic-perception-control" ], "claimIds": [ "AIP-07-0250", "AIP-07-0251", "AIP-07-0252", "AIP-07-0253", "AIP-07-0254", "AIP-07-0255", "AIP-07-0256", "AIP-07-0257", "AIP-07-0258", "AIP-07-0259", "AIP-07-0260", "AIP-07-0261", "AIP-07-0262", "AIP-07-0263", "AIP-07-0264", "AIP-07-0265", "AIP-07-0266", "AIP-07-0267", "AIP-07-0268", "AIP-07-0271", "AIP-07-0272", "AIP-07-0273", "AIP-07-0274", "AIP-07-0275", "AIP-07-0276", "AIP-07-0277", "AIP-07-0278", "AIP-07-0279", "AIP-07-0280", "AIP-07-0281", "AIP-07-0282", "AIP-07-0283", "AIP-07-0284", "AIP-07-0285", "AIP-07-0286", "AIP-07-0287", "AIP-07-0288", "AIP-07-0289", "AIP-07-0290", "AIP-07-0291" ], "corroboratingUrls": [], "currentFactRecheckRequired": true, "humanReviewed": false, "id": "algorithmic-perception-control-s2", "independentlyReverified": false, "limitations": [ "This selected reference has not received an independent source-scope review in this release." ], "originalUrl": "https://cdr.lib.unc.edu/downloads/wp9891401", "publicationDate": null, "publicationDateStatus": "unresolved", "publisherOrVenue": "cdr.lib.unc.edu", "reportNumber": 2, "resolutionStatus": "metadata-inherited-resolution-pending", "resolvedUrl": "https://cdr.lib.unc.edu/downloads/wp9891401", "retrievalStatus": "not-independently-retrieved", "reviewerState": "pending", "sourceType": "research", "stableIdentifier": { "type": "url", "value": "https://cdr.lib.unc.edu/downloads/wp9891401" }, "supports": [] }, "sourceType": "research", "title": "How do social media feed algorithms affect attitudes and behavior in an election campaign?", "url": "https://cdr.lib.unc.edu/downloads/wp9891401" }, { "id": "algorithmic-perception-control-s21", "independentlyReverified": false, "inheritedFromReport": true, "reportNumber": 21, "resolution": { "authorityTier": "secondary-or-technical", "canonicalTitle": "STRIDE Threat Model - Simplified - Real Attack Examples (2026) - Practical DevSecOps", "categorySlugs": [ "algorithmic-perception-control" ], "claimIds": [ "AIP-07-0250", "AIP-07-0251", "AIP-07-0252", "AIP-07-0253", "AIP-07-0254", "AIP-07-0255", "AIP-07-0256", "AIP-07-0257", "AIP-07-0258", "AIP-07-0259", "AIP-07-0260", "AIP-07-0261", "AIP-07-0262", "AIP-07-0263", "AIP-07-0264", "AIP-07-0265", "AIP-07-0266", "AIP-07-0267", "AIP-07-0268", "AIP-07-0271", "AIP-07-0272", "AIP-07-0273", "AIP-07-0274", "AIP-07-0275", "AIP-07-0276", "AIP-07-0277", "AIP-07-0278", "AIP-07-0279", "AIP-07-0280", "AIP-07-0281", "AIP-07-0282", "AIP-07-0283", "AIP-07-0284", "AIP-07-0285", "AIP-07-0286", "AIP-07-0287", "AIP-07-0288", "AIP-07-0289", "AIP-07-0290", "AIP-07-0291" ], "corroboratingUrls": [], "currentFactRecheckRequired": true, "humanReviewed": false, "id": "algorithmic-perception-control-s21", "independentlyReverified": false, "limitations": [ "This selected reference has not received an independent source-scope review in this release." ], "originalUrl": "https://www.practical-devsecops.com/what-is-stride-threat-model/", "publicationDate": null, "publicationDateStatus": "unresolved", "publisherOrVenue": "practical-devsecops.com", "reportNumber": 21, "resolutionStatus": "metadata-inherited-resolution-pending", "resolvedUrl": "https://www.practical-devsecops.com/what-is-stride-threat-model/", "retrievalStatus": "not-independently-retrieved", "reviewerState": "pending", "sourceType": "secondary-or-technical", "stableIdentifier": { "type": "url", "value": "https://www.practical-devsecops.com/what-is-stride-threat-model/" }, "supports": [] }, "sourceType": "secondary-or-technical", "title": "STRIDE Threat Model - Simplified - Real Attack Examples (2026) - Practical DevSecOps", "url": "https://www.practical-devsecops.com/what-is-stride-threat-model/" }, { "id": "algorithmic-perception-control-s23", "independentlyReverified": false, "inheritedFromReport": true, "reportNumber": 23, "resolution": { "authorityTier": "secondary-or-technical", "canonicalTitle": "How Social Media Algorithms Work in 2026: Full Guide - Digital Applied", "categorySlugs": [ "algorithmic-perception-control" ], "claimIds": [ "AIP-07-0250", "AIP-07-0251", "AIP-07-0252", "AIP-07-0253", "AIP-07-0254", "AIP-07-0255", "AIP-07-0256", "AIP-07-0257", "AIP-07-0258", "AIP-07-0259", "AIP-07-0260", "AIP-07-0261", "AIP-07-0262", "AIP-07-0263", "AIP-07-0264", "AIP-07-0265", "AIP-07-0266", "AIP-07-0267", "AIP-07-0268", "AIP-07-0270", "AIP-07-0271", "AIP-07-0272", "AIP-07-0273", "AIP-07-0274", "AIP-07-0275", "AIP-07-0276", "AIP-07-0277", "AIP-07-0278", "AIP-07-0279", "AIP-07-0280", "AIP-07-0281", "AIP-07-0282", "AIP-07-0283", "AIP-07-0284", "AIP-07-0285", "AIP-07-0286", "AIP-07-0287", "AIP-07-0288", "AIP-07-0289", "AIP-07-0290", "AIP-07-0291" ], "corroboratingUrls": [], "currentFactRecheckRequired": true, "humanReviewed": false, "id": "algorithmic-perception-control-s23", "independentlyReverified": false, "limitations": [ "This selected reference has not received an independent source-scope review in this release." ], "originalUrl": "https://www.digitalapplied.com/blog/how-social-media-algorithms-work-2026", "publicationDate": null, "publicationDateStatus": "unresolved", "publisherOrVenue": "digitalapplied.com", "reportNumber": 23, "resolutionStatus": "metadata-inherited-resolution-pending", "resolvedUrl": "https://www.digitalapplied.com/blog/how-social-media-algorithms-work-2026", "retrievalStatus": "not-independently-retrieved", "reviewerState": "pending", "sourceType": "secondary-or-technical", "stableIdentifier": { "type": "url", "value": "https://www.digitalapplied.com/blog/how-social-media-algorithms-work-2026" }, "supports": [] }, "sourceType": "secondary-or-technical", "title": "How Social Media Algorithms Work in 2026: Full Guide - Digital Applied", "url": "https://www.digitalapplied.com/blog/how-social-media-algorithms-work-2026" }, { "id": "algorithmic-perception-control-s38", "independentlyReverified": false, "inheritedFromReport": true, "reportNumber": 38, "resolution": { "authorityTier": "secondary-or-technical", "canonicalTitle": "Interactions-HSG/SOAP: SOAP - A Sockpuppet Auditing Tool for Very Large Online Platforms - GitHub", "categorySlugs": [ "algorithmic-perception-control" ], "claimIds": [ "AIP-07-0250", "AIP-07-0251", "AIP-07-0252", "AIP-07-0253", "AIP-07-0254", "AIP-07-0255", "AIP-07-0256", "AIP-07-0257", "AIP-07-0258", "AIP-07-0259", "AIP-07-0260", "AIP-07-0261", "AIP-07-0262", "AIP-07-0263", "AIP-07-0264", "AIP-07-0265", "AIP-07-0266", "AIP-07-0267", "AIP-07-0268", "AIP-07-0271", "AIP-07-0272", "AIP-07-0273", "AIP-07-0274", "AIP-07-0275", "AIP-07-0276", "AIP-07-0277", "AIP-07-0278", "AIP-07-0279", "AIP-07-0280", "AIP-07-0281", "AIP-07-0282", "AIP-07-0283", "AIP-07-0284", "AIP-07-0285", "AIP-07-0286", "AIP-07-0287", "AIP-07-0288", "AIP-07-0289", "AIP-07-0290", "AIP-07-0291" ], "corroboratingUrls": [], "currentFactRecheckRequired": true, "humanReviewed": false, "id": "algorithmic-perception-control-s38", "independentlyReverified": false, "limitations": [ "This selected reference has not received an independent source-scope review in this release." ], "originalUrl": "https://github.com/Interactions-HSG/SOAP", "publicationDate": null, "publicationDateStatus": "unresolved", "publisherOrVenue": "github.com", "reportNumber": 38, "resolutionStatus": "metadata-inherited-resolution-pending", "resolvedUrl": "https://github.com/Interactions-HSG/SOAP", "retrievalStatus": "not-independently-retrieved", "reviewerState": "pending", "sourceType": "secondary-or-technical", "stableIdentifier": { "type": "url", "value": "https://github.com/Interactions-HSG/SOAP" }, "supports": [] }, "sourceType": "secondary-or-technical", "title": "Interactions-HSG/SOAP: SOAP - A Sockpuppet Auditing Tool for Very Large Online Platforms - GitHub", "url": "https://github.com/Interactions-HSG/SOAP" }, { "id": "algorithmic-perception-control-s44", "independentlyReverified": true, "inheritedFromReport": true, "reportNumber": 44, "resolution": { "authorityTier": "research-preprint", "canonicalTitle": "Auditing Meta and TikTok Research API Data Access under Article 40(12) of the Digital Services Act - arXiv", "categorySlugs": [ "algorithmic-perception-control" ], "claimIds": [ "AIP-07-0250", "AIP-07-0251", "AIP-07-0252", "AIP-07-0253", "AIP-07-0254", "AIP-07-0255", "AIP-07-0256", "AIP-07-0257", "AIP-07-0258", "AIP-07-0259", "AIP-07-0260", "AIP-07-0261", "AIP-07-0262", "AIP-07-0263", "AIP-07-0264", "AIP-07-0265", "AIP-07-0266", "AIP-07-0267", "AIP-07-0268", "AIP-07-0271", "AIP-07-0272", "AIP-07-0273", "AIP-07-0274", "AIP-07-0275", "AIP-07-0276", "AIP-07-0277", "AIP-07-0278", "AIP-07-0279", "AIP-07-0280", "AIP-07-0281", "AIP-07-0282", "AIP-07-0283", "AIP-07-0284", "AIP-07-0285", "AIP-07-0286", "AIP-07-0287", "AIP-07-0288", "AIP-07-0289", "AIP-07-0290", "AIP-07-0291" ], "corroboratingUrls": [], "currentFactRecheckRequired": true, "humanReviewed": false, "id": "algorithmic-perception-control-s44", "independentlyReverified": true, "limitations": [ "The source is a preprint and its measurements are time- and interface-specific.", "The finding does not imply that every omission is intentional or unlawful." ], "originalUrl": "https://arxiv.org/html/2601.12390v1", "publicationDate": null, "publicationDateStatus": "unresolved", "publisherOrVenue": "arXiv", "reportNumber": 44, "resolutionStatus": "independently-checked", "resolvedUrl": "https://arxiv.org/abs/2601.12390", "retrievalStatus": "research-preprint-retrieved", "reviewerState": "pending", "sourceType": "research", "stableIdentifier": { "type": "arxiv", "value": "2601.12390" }, "supports": [ "The audit compares platform research interfaces with observed public data and supports a bounded claim that researcher-access interfaces can omit material needed for systemic auditing." ] }, "sourceType": "research", "title": "Auditing Meta and TikTok Research API Data Access under Article 40(12) of the Digital Services Act - arXiv", "url": "https://arxiv.org/html/2601.12390v1", "verification": { "authorityTier": "research-preprint", "checkedAtUtc": "2026-07-27T18:45:00Z", "checkedBy": "automated-release-source-review", "corroboratingUrls": [], "humanReviewed": false, "limitations": [ "The source is a preprint and its measurements are time- and interface-specific.", "The finding does not imply that every omission is intentional or unlawful." ], "resolvedUrl": "https://arxiv.org/abs/2601.12390", "status": "selected-source-checked", "supports": [ "The audit compares platform research interfaces with observed public data and supports a bounded claim that researcher-access interfaces can omit material needed for systemic auditing." ], "urlStatus": "research-preprint-retrieved" } }, { "id": "algorithmic-perception-control-s45", "independentlyReverified": false, "inheritedFromReport": true, "reportNumber": 45, "resolution": { "authorityTier": "research-source", "canonicalTitle": "Auditing Meta and TikTok Research API Data Access under Article 40(12) of the Digital Services Act - ResearchGate", "categorySlugs": [ "algorithmic-perception-control" ], "claimIds": [ "AIP-07-0250", "AIP-07-0251", "AIP-07-0252", "AIP-07-0253", "AIP-07-0254", "AIP-07-0255", "AIP-07-0256", "AIP-07-0257", "AIP-07-0258", "AIP-07-0259", "AIP-07-0260", "AIP-07-0261", "AIP-07-0262", "AIP-07-0263", "AIP-07-0264", "AIP-07-0265", "AIP-07-0266", "AIP-07-0267", "AIP-07-0268", "AIP-07-0271", "AIP-07-0272", "AIP-07-0273", "AIP-07-0274", "AIP-07-0275", "AIP-07-0276", "AIP-07-0277", "AIP-07-0278", "AIP-07-0279", "AIP-07-0280", "AIP-07-0281", "AIP-07-0282", "AIP-07-0283", "AIP-07-0284", "AIP-07-0285", "AIP-07-0286", "AIP-07-0287", "AIP-07-0288", "AIP-07-0289", "AIP-07-0290", "AIP-07-0291" ], "corroboratingUrls": [], "currentFactRecheckRequired": true, "humanReviewed": false, "id": "algorithmic-perception-control-s45", "independentlyReverified": false, "limitations": [ "This selected reference has not received an independent source-scope review in this release." ], "originalUrl": "https://www.researchgate.net/publication/399930369_Auditing_Meta_and_TikTok_Research_API_Data_Access_under_Article_4012_of_the_Digital_Services_Act", "publicationDate": null, "publicationDateStatus": "unresolved", "publisherOrVenue": "researchgate.net", "reportNumber": 45, "resolutionStatus": "metadata-inherited-resolution-pending", "resolvedUrl": "https://www.researchgate.net/publication/399930369_Auditing_Meta_and_TikTok_Research_API_Data_Access_under_Article_4012_of_the_Digital_Services_Act", "retrievalStatus": "not-independently-retrieved", "reviewerState": "pending", "sourceType": "research", "stableIdentifier": { "type": "url", "value": "https://www.researchgate.net/publication/399930369_Auditing_Meta_and_TikTok_Research_API_Data_Access_under_Article_4012_of_the_Digital_Services_Act" }, "supports": [] }, "sourceType": "research", "title": "Auditing Meta and TikTok Research API Data Access under Article 40(12) of the Digital Services Act - ResearchGate", "url": "https://www.researchgate.net/publication/399930369_Auditing_Meta_and_TikTok_Research_API_Data_Access_under_Article_4012_of_the_Digital_Services_Act" }, { "id": "algorithmic-perception-control-s6", "independentlyReverified": false, "inheritedFromReport": true, "reportNumber": 6, "resolution": { "authorityTier": "secondary-or-technical", "canonicalTitle": "Understanding Social Media Recommendation Algorithms | Knight First Amendment Institute", "categorySlugs": [ "algorithmic-perception-control" ], "claimIds": [ "AIP-07-0250", "AIP-07-0251", "AIP-07-0252", "AIP-07-0253", "AIP-07-0254", "AIP-07-0255", "AIP-07-0256", "AIP-07-0257", "AIP-07-0258", "AIP-07-0259", "AIP-07-0260", "AIP-07-0261", "AIP-07-0262", "AIP-07-0263", "AIP-07-0264", "AIP-07-0265", "AIP-07-0266", "AIP-07-0267", "AIP-07-0268", "AIP-07-0271", "AIP-07-0272", "AIP-07-0273", "AIP-07-0274", "AIP-07-0275", "AIP-07-0276", "AIP-07-0277", "AIP-07-0278", "AIP-07-0279", "AIP-07-0280", "AIP-07-0281", "AIP-07-0282", "AIP-07-0283", "AIP-07-0284", "AIP-07-0285", "AIP-07-0286", "AIP-07-0287", "AIP-07-0288", "AIP-07-0289", "AIP-07-0290", "AIP-07-0291" ], "corroboratingUrls": [], "currentFactRecheckRequired": true, "humanReviewed": false, "id": "algorithmic-perception-control-s6", "independentlyReverified": false, "limitations": [ "This selected reference has not received an independent source-scope review in this release." ], "originalUrl": "https://knightcolumbia.org/content/understanding-social-media-recommendation-algorithms", "publicationDate": null, "publicationDateStatus": "unresolved", "publisherOrVenue": "knightcolumbia.org", "reportNumber": 6, "resolutionStatus": "metadata-inherited-resolution-pending", "resolvedUrl": "https://knightcolumbia.org/content/understanding-social-media-recommendation-algorithms", "retrievalStatus": "not-independently-retrieved", "reviewerState": "pending", "sourceType": "secondary-or-technical", "stableIdentifier": { "type": "url", "value": "https://knightcolumbia.org/content/understanding-social-media-recommendation-algorithms" }, "supports": [] }, "sourceType": "secondary-or-technical", "title": "Understanding Social Media Recommendation Algorithms | Knight First Amendment Institute", "url": "https://knightcolumbia.org/content/understanding-social-media-recommendation-algorithms" }, { "id": "algorithmic-perception-control-s7", "independentlyReverified": false, "inheritedFromReport": true, "reportNumber": 7, "resolution": { "authorityTier": "secondary-or-technical", "canonicalTitle": "Search engine manipulation effect - Wikipedia", "categorySlugs": [ "algorithmic-perception-control" ], "claimIds": [ "AIP-07-0250", "AIP-07-0251", "AIP-07-0252", "AIP-07-0253", "AIP-07-0254", "AIP-07-0255", "AIP-07-0256", "AIP-07-0257", "AIP-07-0258", "AIP-07-0259", "AIP-07-0260", "AIP-07-0261", "AIP-07-0262", "AIP-07-0263", "AIP-07-0264", "AIP-07-0265", "AIP-07-0266", "AIP-07-0267", "AIP-07-0268", "AIP-07-0271", "AIP-07-0272", "AIP-07-0273", "AIP-07-0274", "AIP-07-0275", "AIP-07-0276", "AIP-07-0277", "AIP-07-0278", "AIP-07-0279", "AIP-07-0280", "AIP-07-0281", "AIP-07-0282", "AIP-07-0283", "AIP-07-0284", "AIP-07-0285", "AIP-07-0286", "AIP-07-0287", "AIP-07-0288", "AIP-07-0289", "AIP-07-0290", "AIP-07-0291" ], "corroboratingUrls": [], "currentFactRecheckRequired": true, "humanReviewed": false, "id": "algorithmic-perception-control-s7", "independentlyReverified": false, "limitations": [ "This selected reference has not received an independent source-scope review in this release." ], "originalUrl": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Search_engine_manipulation_effect", "publicationDate": null, "publicationDateStatus": "unresolved", "publisherOrVenue": "en.wikipedia.org", "reportNumber": 7, "resolutionStatus": "metadata-inherited-resolution-pending", "resolvedUrl": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Search_engine_manipulation_effect", "retrievalStatus": "not-independently-retrieved", "reviewerState": "pending", "sourceType": "secondary-or-technical", "stableIdentifier": { "type": "url", "value": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Search_engine_manipulation_effect" }, "supports": [] }, "sourceType": "secondary-or-technical", "title": "Search engine manipulation effect - Wikipedia", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Search_engine_manipulation_effect" }, { "id": "autonomous-influence-agents-s1", "independentlyReverified": true, "inheritedFromReport": true, "reportNumber": 1, "resolution": { "authorityTier": "research-preprint", "canonicalTitle": "Governing Evolving Memory in LLM Agents: Risks, Mechanisms, and the Stability and Safety Governed Memory (SSGM) Framework - arXiv", "categorySlugs": [ "autonomous-influence-agents" ], "claimIds": [ "AIP-04-0125", "AIP-04-0126", "AIP-04-0127", "AIP-04-0128", "AIP-04-0129", "AIP-04-0130", "AIP-04-0131", "AIP-04-0132", "AIP-04-0133", "AIP-04-0134", "AIP-04-0135", "AIP-04-0136", "AIP-04-0137", "AIP-04-0138", "AIP-04-0139", "AIP-04-0140", "AIP-04-0141", "AIP-04-0142", "AIP-04-0143", "AIP-04-0146", "AIP-04-0147", "AIP-04-0148", "AIP-04-0149", "AIP-04-0150", "AIP-04-0151", "AIP-04-0152", "AIP-04-0153", "AIP-04-0154", "AIP-04-0155", "AIP-04-0156", "AIP-04-0157", "AIP-04-0158", "AIP-04-0159", "AIP-04-0160", "AIP-04-0161", "AIP-04-0162", "AIP-04-0163", "AIP-04-0164", "AIP-04-0165", "AIP-04-0166" ], "corroboratingUrls": [], "currentFactRecheckRequired": true, "humanReviewed": false, "id": "autonomous-influence-agents-s1", "independentlyReverified": true, "limitations": [ "The proposed governance framework is not proof that long-horizon influence agents operate reliably in the wild.", "The source is a recent preprint and requires continuing review." ], "originalUrl": "https://arxiv.org/html/2603.11768v2", "publicationDate": null, "publicationDateStatus": "unresolved", "publisherOrVenue": "arXiv", "reportNumber": 1, "resolutionStatus": "independently-checked", "resolvedUrl": "https://arxiv.org/abs/2603.11768", "retrievalStatus": "research-preprint-retrieved", "reviewerState": "pending", "sourceType": "research", "stableIdentifier": { "type": "arxiv", "value": "2603.11768" }, "supports": [ "The paper surveys evolving-memory risks in LLM agents and supports claims about memory poisoning, semantic drift, stale information, and the need for governed memory controls." ] }, "sourceType": "research", "title": "Governing Evolving Memory in LLM Agents: Risks, Mechanisms, and the Stability and Safety Governed Memory (SSGM) Framework - arXiv", "url": "https://arxiv.org/html/2603.11768v2", "verification": { "authorityTier": "research-preprint", "checkedAtUtc": "2026-07-27T18:45:00Z", "checkedBy": "automated-release-source-review", "corroboratingUrls": [], "humanReviewed": false, "limitations": [ "The proposed governance framework is not proof that long-horizon influence agents operate reliably in the wild.", "The source is a recent preprint and requires continuing review." ], "resolvedUrl": "https://arxiv.org/abs/2603.11768", "status": "selected-source-checked", "supports": [ "The paper surveys evolving-memory risks in LLM agents and supports claims about memory poisoning, semantic drift, stale information, and the need for governed memory controls." ], "urlStatus": "research-preprint-retrieved" } }, { "id": "autonomous-influence-agents-s13", "independentlyReverified": true, "inheritedFromReport": true, "reportNumber": 13, "resolution": { "authorityTier": "research-preprint", "canonicalTitle": "[2503.01829] Persuade Me if You Can: A Framework for Evaluating Persuasion Effectiveness and Susceptibility Among Large Language Models - arXiv", "categorySlugs": [ "autonomous-influence-agents" ], "claimIds": [ "AIP-04-0125", "AIP-04-0126", "AIP-04-0127", "AIP-04-0128", "AIP-04-0129", "AIP-04-0130", "AIP-04-0131", "AIP-04-0132", "AIP-04-0133", "AIP-04-0134", "AIP-04-0135", "AIP-04-0136", "AIP-04-0137", "AIP-04-0138", "AIP-04-0139", "AIP-04-0140", "AIP-04-0141", "AIP-04-0142", "AIP-04-0143", "AIP-04-0146", "AIP-04-0147", "AIP-04-0148", "AIP-04-0149", "AIP-04-0150", "AIP-04-0151", "AIP-04-0152", "AIP-04-0153", "AIP-04-0154", "AIP-04-0155", "AIP-04-0156", "AIP-04-0157", "AIP-04-0158", "AIP-04-0159", "AIP-04-0160", "AIP-04-0161", "AIP-04-0162", "AIP-04-0163", "AIP-04-0164", "AIP-04-0165", "AIP-04-0166" ], "corroboratingUrls": [], "currentFactRecheckRequired": true, "humanReviewed": false, "id": "autonomous-influence-agents-s13", "independentlyReverified": true, "limitations": [ "Model-to-model evaluation is not equivalent to human persuasion or real-world operational success.", "Benchmark performance depends on prompts, models, and scoring assumptions." ], "originalUrl": "https://arxiv.org/abs/2503.01829", "publicationDate": null, "publicationDateStatus": "unresolved", "publisherOrVenue": "arXiv", "reportNumber": 13, "resolutionStatus": "independently-checked", "resolvedUrl": "https://arxiv.org/abs/2503.01829", "retrievalStatus": "research-preprint-retrieved", "reviewerState": "pending", "sourceType": "research", "stableIdentifier": { "type": "arxiv", "value": "2503.01829" }, "supports": [ "The PMIYC framework supports the bounded claim that persuasion and susceptibility can be evaluated in controlled multi-agent model interactions." ] }, "sourceType": "research", "title": "[2503.01829] Persuade Me if You Can: A Framework for Evaluating Persuasion Effectiveness and Susceptibility Among Large Language Models - arXiv", "url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/2503.01829", "verification": { "authorityTier": "research-preprint", "checkedAtUtc": "2026-07-27T18:45:00Z", "checkedBy": "automated-release-source-review", "corroboratingUrls": [], "humanReviewed": false, "limitations": [ "Model-to-model evaluation is not equivalent to human persuasion or real-world operational success.", "Benchmark performance depends on prompts, models, and scoring assumptions." ], "resolvedUrl": "https://arxiv.org/abs/2503.01829", "status": "selected-source-checked", "supports": [ "The PMIYC framework supports the bounded claim that persuasion and susceptibility can be evaluated in controlled multi-agent model interactions." ], "urlStatus": "research-preprint-retrieved" } }, { "id": "autonomous-influence-agents-s22", "independentlyReverified": true, "inheritedFromReport": true, "reportNumber": 22, "resolution": { "authorityTier": "research-preprint", "canonicalTitle": "[2504.10286] Characterizing LLM-driven Social Network: The Chirper.ai Case - arXiv", "categorySlugs": [ "autonomous-influence-agents" ], "claimIds": [ "AIP-04-0125", "AIP-04-0126", "AIP-04-0127", "AIP-04-0128", "AIP-04-0129", "AIP-04-0130", "AIP-04-0131", "AIP-04-0132", "AIP-04-0133", "AIP-04-0134", "AIP-04-0135", "AIP-04-0136", "AIP-04-0137", "AIP-04-0138", "AIP-04-0139", "AIP-04-0140", "AIP-04-0141", "AIP-04-0142", "AIP-04-0143", "AIP-04-0144", "AIP-04-0146", "AIP-04-0147", "AIP-04-0148", "AIP-04-0149", "AIP-04-0150", "AIP-04-0151", "AIP-04-0152", "AIP-04-0153", "AIP-04-0154", "AIP-04-0155", "AIP-04-0156", "AIP-04-0157", "AIP-04-0158", "AIP-04-0159", "AIP-04-0160", "AIP-04-0161", "AIP-04-0162", "AIP-04-0163", "AIP-04-0164", "AIP-04-0165", "AIP-04-0166" ], "corroboratingUrls": [], "currentFactRecheckRequired": true, "humanReviewed": false, "id": "autonomous-influence-agents-s22", "independentlyReverified": true, "limitations": [ "A synthetic platform is not a demonstration of durable covert operation on adversarial commercial social networks.", "Platform-specific memory and orchestration contribute to the observed behavior." ], "originalUrl": "https://arxiv.org/abs/2504.10286", "publicationDate": null, "publicationDateStatus": "unresolved", "publisherOrVenue": "arXiv", "reportNumber": 22, "resolutionStatus": "independently-checked", "resolvedUrl": "https://arxiv.org/abs/2504.10286", "retrievalStatus": "research-preprint-retrieved", "reviewerState": "pending", "sourceType": "research", "stableIdentifier": { "type": "arxiv", "value": "2504.10286" }, "supports": [ "The Chirper.ai case supports the claim that large populations of LLM-driven accounts can produce persistent synthetic social interactions in a purpose-built environment." ] }, "sourceType": "research", "title": "[2504.10286] Characterizing LLM-driven Social Network: The Chirper.ai Case - arXiv", "url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/2504.10286", "verification": { "authorityTier": "research-preprint", "checkedAtUtc": "2026-07-27T18:45:00Z", "checkedBy": "automated-release-source-review", "corroboratingUrls": [], "humanReviewed": false, "limitations": [ "A synthetic platform is not a demonstration of durable covert operation on adversarial commercial social networks.", "Platform-specific memory and orchestration contribute to the observed behavior." ], "resolvedUrl": "https://arxiv.org/abs/2504.10286", "status": "selected-source-checked", "supports": [ "The Chirper.ai case supports the claim that large populations of LLM-driven accounts can produce persistent synthetic social interactions in a purpose-built environment." ], "urlStatus": "research-preprint-retrieved" } }, { "id": "autonomous-influence-agents-s23", "independentlyReverified": false, "inheritedFromReport": true, "reportNumber": 23, "resolution": { "authorityTier": "official-or-institutional", "canonicalTitle": "PRC-linked influence operations are targeting AI debates in the US | OpenAI", "categorySlugs": [ "autonomous-influence-agents" ], "claimIds": [ "AIP-04-0125", "AIP-04-0126", "AIP-04-0127", "AIP-04-0128", "AIP-04-0129", "AIP-04-0130", "AIP-04-0131", "AIP-04-0132", "AIP-04-0133", "AIP-04-0134", "AIP-04-0135", "AIP-04-0136", "AIP-04-0137", "AIP-04-0138", "AIP-04-0139", "AIP-04-0140", "AIP-04-0141", "AIP-04-0142", "AIP-04-0143", "AIP-04-0145", "AIP-04-0146", "AIP-04-0147", "AIP-04-0148", "AIP-04-0149", "AIP-04-0150", "AIP-04-0151", "AIP-04-0152", "AIP-04-0153", "AIP-04-0154", "AIP-04-0155", "AIP-04-0156", "AIP-04-0157", "AIP-04-0158", "AIP-04-0159", "AIP-04-0160", "AIP-04-0161", "AIP-04-0162", "AIP-04-0163", "AIP-04-0164", "AIP-04-0165", "AIP-04-0166" ], "corroboratingUrls": [], "currentFactRecheckRequired": true, "humanReviewed": false, "id": "autonomous-influence-agents-s23", "independentlyReverified": false, "limitations": [ "This selected reference has not received an independent source-scope review in this release." ], "originalUrl": "https://openai.com/index/prc-linked-influence-operations-ai-debates/", "publicationDate": null, "publicationDateStatus": "unresolved", "publisherOrVenue": "OpenAI", "reportNumber": 23, "resolutionStatus": "metadata-inherited-resolution-pending", "resolvedUrl": "https://openai.com/index/prc-linked-influence-operations-ai-debates/", "retrievalStatus": "not-independently-retrieved", "reviewerState": "pending", "sourceType": "official-or-institutional", "stableIdentifier": { "type": "url", "value": "https://openai.com/index/prc-linked-influence-operations-ai-debates/" }, "supports": [] }, "sourceType": "official-or-institutional", "title": "PRC-linked influence operations are targeting AI debates in the US | OpenAI", "url": "https://openai.com/index/prc-linked-influence-operations-ai-debates/" }, { "id": "autonomous-influence-agents-s24", "independentlyReverified": false, "inheritedFromReport": true, "reportNumber": 24, "resolution": { "authorityTier": "official-or-institutional", "canonicalTitle": "PRC-linked influence operations are targeting AI debates in the US - OpenAI", "categorySlugs": [ "autonomous-influence-agents" ], "claimIds": [ "AIP-04-0125", "AIP-04-0126", "AIP-04-0127", "AIP-04-0128", "AIP-04-0129", "AIP-04-0130", "AIP-04-0131", "AIP-04-0132", "AIP-04-0133", "AIP-04-0134", "AIP-04-0135", "AIP-04-0136", "AIP-04-0137", "AIP-04-0138", "AIP-04-0139", "AIP-04-0140", "AIP-04-0141", "AIP-04-0142", "AIP-04-0143", "AIP-04-0145", "AIP-04-0146", "AIP-04-0147", "AIP-04-0148", "AIP-04-0149", "AIP-04-0150", "AIP-04-0151", "AIP-04-0152", "AIP-04-0153", "AIP-04-0154", "AIP-04-0155", "AIP-04-0156", "AIP-04-0157", "AIP-04-0158", "AIP-04-0159", "AIP-04-0160", "AIP-04-0161", "AIP-04-0162", "AIP-04-0163", "AIP-04-0164", "AIP-04-0165", "AIP-04-0166" ], "corroboratingUrls": [], "currentFactRecheckRequired": true, "humanReviewed": false, "id": "autonomous-influence-agents-s24", "independentlyReverified": false, "limitations": [ "This selected reference has not received an independent source-scope review in this release." ], "originalUrl": "https://cdn.openai.com/pdf/96b559fa-c165-4575-805d-e636909e2f78/June-2026-Threat-Report.pdf", "publicationDate": null, "publicationDateStatus": "unresolved", "publisherOrVenue": "cdn.openai.com", "reportNumber": 24, "resolutionStatus": "metadata-inherited-resolution-pending", "resolvedUrl": "https://cdn.openai.com/pdf/96b559fa-c165-4575-805d-e636909e2f78/June-2026-Threat-Report.pdf", "retrievalStatus": "not-independently-retrieved", "reviewerState": "pending", "sourceType": "official-or-institutional", "stableIdentifier": { "type": "url", "value": "https://cdn.openai.com/pdf/96b559fa-c165-4575-805d-e636909e2f78/June-2026-Threat-Report.pdf" }, "supports": [] }, "sourceType": "official-or-institutional", "title": "PRC-linked influence operations are targeting AI debates in the US - OpenAI", "url": "https://cdn.openai.com/pdf/96b559fa-c165-4575-805d-e636909e2f78/June-2026-Threat-Report.pdf" }, { "id": "autonomous-influence-agents-s27", "independentlyReverified": false, "inheritedFromReport": true, "reportNumber": 27, "resolution": { "authorityTier": "secondary-or-technical", "canonicalTitle": "Evaluating AI Agent Persuasion of Safety Monitors - NeurIPS 2026", "categorySlugs": [ "autonomous-influence-agents" ], "claimIds": [ "AIP-04-0125", "AIP-04-0126", "AIP-04-0127", "AIP-04-0128", "AIP-04-0129", "AIP-04-0130", "AIP-04-0131", "AIP-04-0132", "AIP-04-0133", "AIP-04-0134", "AIP-04-0135", "AIP-04-0136", "AIP-04-0137", "AIP-04-0138", "AIP-04-0139", "AIP-04-0140", "AIP-04-0141", "AIP-04-0142", "AIP-04-0143", "AIP-04-0146", "AIP-04-0147", "AIP-04-0148", "AIP-04-0149", "AIP-04-0150", "AIP-04-0151", "AIP-04-0152", "AIP-04-0153", "AIP-04-0154", "AIP-04-0155", "AIP-04-0156", "AIP-04-0157", "AIP-04-0158", "AIP-04-0159", "AIP-04-0160", "AIP-04-0161", "AIP-04-0162", "AIP-04-0163", "AIP-04-0164", "AIP-04-0165", "AIP-04-0166" ], "corroboratingUrls": [], "currentFactRecheckRequired": true, "humanReviewed": false, "id": "autonomous-influence-agents-s27", "independentlyReverified": false, "limitations": [ "This selected reference has not received an independent source-scope review in this release." ], "originalUrl": "https://neurips.cc/virtual/2025/133902", "publicationDate": null, "publicationDateStatus": "unresolved", "publisherOrVenue": "neurips.cc", "reportNumber": 27, "resolutionStatus": "metadata-inherited-resolution-pending", "resolvedUrl": "https://neurips.cc/virtual/2025/133902", "retrievalStatus": "not-independently-retrieved", "reviewerState": "pending", "sourceType": "secondary-or-technical", "stableIdentifier": { "type": "url", "value": "https://neurips.cc/virtual/2025/133902" }, "supports": [] }, "sourceType": "secondary-or-technical", "title": "Evaluating AI Agent Persuasion of Safety Monitors - NeurIPS 2026", "url": "https://neurips.cc/virtual/2025/133902" }, { "id": "autonomous-influence-agents-s34", "independentlyReverified": false, "inheritedFromReport": true, "reportNumber": 34, "resolution": { "authorityTier": "secondary-or-technical", "canonicalTitle": "EU Commission Publishes Guidelines on the Prohibited AI Practices under the AI Act", "categorySlugs": [ "autonomous-influence-agents" ], "claimIds": [ "AIP-04-0125", "AIP-04-0126", "AIP-04-0127", "AIP-04-0128", "AIP-04-0129", "AIP-04-0130", "AIP-04-0131", "AIP-04-0132", "AIP-04-0133", "AIP-04-0134", "AIP-04-0135", "AIP-04-0136", "AIP-04-0137", "AIP-04-0138", "AIP-04-0139", "AIP-04-0140", "AIP-04-0141", "AIP-04-0142", "AIP-04-0143", "AIP-04-0146", "AIP-04-0147", "AIP-04-0148", "AIP-04-0149", "AIP-04-0150", "AIP-04-0151", "AIP-04-0152", "AIP-04-0153", "AIP-04-0154", "AIP-04-0155", "AIP-04-0156", "AIP-04-0157", "AIP-04-0158", "AIP-04-0159", "AIP-04-0160", "AIP-04-0161", "AIP-04-0162", "AIP-04-0163", "AIP-04-0164", "AIP-04-0165", "AIP-04-0166" ], "corroboratingUrls": [], "currentFactRecheckRequired": true, "humanReviewed": false, "id": "autonomous-influence-agents-s34", "independentlyReverified": false, "limitations": [ "This selected reference has not received an independent source-scope review in this release." ], "originalUrl": "https://www.orrick.com/en/Insights/2025/04/EU-Commission-Publishes-Guidelines-on-the-Prohibited-AI-Practices-under-the-AI-Act", "publicationDate": null, "publicationDateStatus": "unresolved", "publisherOrVenue": "orrick.com", "reportNumber": 34, "resolutionStatus": "metadata-inherited-resolution-pending", "resolvedUrl": "https://www.orrick.com/en/Insights/2025/04/EU-Commission-Publishes-Guidelines-on-the-Prohibited-AI-Practices-under-the-AI-Act", "retrievalStatus": "not-independently-retrieved", "reviewerState": "pending", "sourceType": "secondary-or-technical", "stableIdentifier": { "type": "url", "value": "https://www.orrick.com/en/Insights/2025/04/EU-Commission-Publishes-Guidelines-on-the-Prohibited-AI-Practices-under-the-AI-Act" }, "supports": [] }, "sourceType": "secondary-or-technical", "title": "EU Commission Publishes Guidelines on the Prohibited AI Practices under the AI Act", "url": "https://www.orrick.com/en/Insights/2025/04/EU-Commission-Publishes-Guidelines-on-the-Prohibited-AI-Practices-under-the-AI-Act" }, { "id": "autonomous-influence-agents-s4", "independentlyReverified": false, "inheritedFromReport": true, "reportNumber": 4, "resolution": { "authorityTier": "research-source", "canonicalTitle": "Persuading large language models to comply with objectionable requests - PNAS", "categorySlugs": [ "autonomous-influence-agents" ], "claimIds": [ "AIP-04-0125", "AIP-04-0126", "AIP-04-0127", "AIP-04-0128", "AIP-04-0129", "AIP-04-0130", "AIP-04-0131", "AIP-04-0132", "AIP-04-0133", "AIP-04-0134", "AIP-04-0135", "AIP-04-0136", "AIP-04-0137", "AIP-04-0138", "AIP-04-0139", "AIP-04-0140", "AIP-04-0141", "AIP-04-0142", "AIP-04-0143", "AIP-04-0146", "AIP-04-0147", "AIP-04-0148", "AIP-04-0149", "AIP-04-0150", "AIP-04-0151", "AIP-04-0152", "AIP-04-0153", "AIP-04-0154", "AIP-04-0155", "AIP-04-0156", "AIP-04-0157", "AIP-04-0158", "AIP-04-0159", "AIP-04-0160", "AIP-04-0161", "AIP-04-0162", "AIP-04-0163", "AIP-04-0164", "AIP-04-0165", "AIP-04-0166" ], "corroboratingUrls": [], "currentFactRecheckRequired": true, "humanReviewed": false, "id": "autonomous-influence-agents-s4", "independentlyReverified": false, "limitations": [ "This selected reference has not received an independent source-scope review in this release." ], "originalUrl": "https://www.pnas.org/doi/10.1073/pnas.2535868123", "publicationDate": null, "publicationDateStatus": "unresolved", "publisherOrVenue": "Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences", "reportNumber": 4, "resolutionStatus": "metadata-inherited-resolution-pending", "resolvedUrl": "https://www.pnas.org/doi/10.1073/pnas.2535868123", "retrievalStatus": "not-independently-retrieved", "reviewerState": "pending", "sourceType": "research", "stableIdentifier": { "type": "doi", "value": "10.1073/pnas.2535868123" }, "supports": [] }, "sourceType": "research", "title": "Persuading large language models to comply with objectionable requests - PNAS", "url": "https://www.pnas.org/doi/10.1073/pnas.2535868123" }, { "id": "conversational-entrapment-s1", "independentlyReverified": true, "inheritedFromReport": true, "reportNumber": 1, "resolution": { "authorityTier": "academic-security-analysis", "canonicalTitle": "Will Generative AI Fundamentally Change Terrorist Threats? - Combating Terrorism Center at West Point", "categorySlugs": [ "conversational-entrapment" ], "claimIds": [ "AIP-09-0334", "AIP-09-0335", "AIP-09-0336", "AIP-09-0337", "AIP-09-0338", "AIP-09-0339", "AIP-09-0340", "AIP-09-0341", "AIP-09-0342", "AIP-09-0343", "AIP-09-0344", "AIP-09-0345", "AIP-09-0346", "AIP-09-0347", "AIP-09-0348", "AIP-09-0349", "AIP-09-0350", "AIP-09-0351", "AIP-09-0352", "AIP-09-0355", "AIP-09-0356", "AIP-09-0357", "AIP-09-0358", "AIP-09-0359", "AIP-09-0360", "AIP-09-0361", "AIP-09-0362", "AIP-09-0363", "AIP-09-0364", "AIP-09-0365", "AIP-09-0366", "AIP-09-0367", "AIP-09-0368", "AIP-09-0369", "AIP-09-0370", "AIP-09-0371", "AIP-09-0372", "AIP-09-0373", "AIP-09-0374", "AIP-09-0375" ], "corroboratingUrls": [], "currentFactRecheckRequired": true, "humanReviewed": false, "id": "conversational-entrapment-s1", "independentlyReverified": true, "limitations": [ "The source is analytical and prospective; it should not be presented as proof of widespread autonomous AI recruitment." ], "originalUrl": "https://ctc.westpoint.edu/will-generative-ai-fundamentally-change-terrorist-threats/", "publicationDate": null, "publicationDateStatus": "unresolved", "publisherOrVenue": "Combating Terrorism Center at West Point", "reportNumber": 1, "resolutionStatus": "independently-checked", "resolvedUrl": "https://ctc.westpoint.edu/will-generative-ai-fundamentally-change-terrorist-threats/", "retrievalStatus": "academic-security-analysis-retrieved", "reviewerState": "pending", "sourceType": "research", "stableIdentifier": { "type": "url", "value": "https://ctc.westpoint.edu/will-generative-ai-fundamentally-change-terrorist-threats/" }, "supports": [ "The analysis supports a bounded claim that generative systems may lower content and translation costs for extremist actors while substantial organizational and operational constraints remain." ] }, "sourceType": "research", "title": "Will Generative AI Fundamentally Change Terrorist Threats? - Combating Terrorism Center at West Point", "url": "https://ctc.westpoint.edu/will-generative-ai-fundamentally-change-terrorist-threats/", "verification": { "authorityTier": "academic-security-analysis", "checkedAtUtc": "2026-07-27T18:45:00Z", "checkedBy": "automated-release-source-review", "corroboratingUrls": [], "humanReviewed": false, "limitations": [ "The source is analytical and prospective; it should not be presented as proof of widespread autonomous AI recruitment." ], "resolvedUrl": "https://ctc.westpoint.edu/will-generative-ai-fundamentally-change-terrorist-threats/", "status": "selected-source-checked", "supports": [ "The analysis supports a bounded claim that generative systems may lower content and translation costs for extremist actors while substantial organizational and operational constraints remain." ], "urlStatus": "academic-security-analysis-retrieved" } }, { "id": "conversational-entrapment-s34", "independentlyReverified": false, "inheritedFromReport": true, "reportNumber": 34, "resolution": { "authorityTier": "secondary-or-technical", "canonicalTitle": "A man was encouraged by a chatbot to kill Queen Elizabeth II in 2021. He was sentenced to 9 years - Courthouse News", "categorySlugs": [ "conversational-entrapment" ], "claimIds": [ "AIP-09-0334", "AIP-09-0335", "AIP-09-0336", "AIP-09-0337", "AIP-09-0338", "AIP-09-0339", "AIP-09-0340", "AIP-09-0341", "AIP-09-0342", "AIP-09-0343", "AIP-09-0344", "AIP-09-0345", "AIP-09-0346", "AIP-09-0347", "AIP-09-0348", "AIP-09-0349", "AIP-09-0350", "AIP-09-0351", "AIP-09-0352", "AIP-09-0353", "AIP-09-0355", "AIP-09-0356", "AIP-09-0357", "AIP-09-0358", "AIP-09-0359", "AIP-09-0360", "AIP-09-0361", "AIP-09-0362", "AIP-09-0363", "AIP-09-0364", "AIP-09-0365", "AIP-09-0366", "AIP-09-0367", "AIP-09-0368", "AIP-09-0369", "AIP-09-0370", "AIP-09-0371", "AIP-09-0372", "AIP-09-0373", "AIP-09-0374", "AIP-09-0375" ], "corroboratingUrls": [], "currentFactRecheckRequired": true, "humanReviewed": false, "id": "conversational-entrapment-s34", "independentlyReverified": false, "limitations": [ "This selected reference has not received an independent source-scope review in this release." ], "originalUrl": "https://www.courthousenews.com/a-man-was-encouraged-by-a-chatbot-to-kill-queen-elizabeth-ii-in-2021-he-was-sentenced-to-9-years/", "publicationDate": null, "publicationDateStatus": "unresolved", "publisherOrVenue": "courthousenews.com", "reportNumber": 34, "resolutionStatus": "metadata-inherited-resolution-pending", "resolvedUrl": "https://www.courthousenews.com/a-man-was-encouraged-by-a-chatbot-to-kill-queen-elizabeth-ii-in-2021-he-was-sentenced-to-9-years/", "retrievalStatus": "not-independently-retrieved", "reviewerState": "pending", "sourceType": "secondary-or-technical", "stableIdentifier": { "type": "url", "value": "https://www.courthousenews.com/a-man-was-encouraged-by-a-chatbot-to-kill-queen-elizabeth-ii-in-2021-he-was-sentenced-to-9-years/" }, "supports": [] }, "sourceType": "secondary-or-technical", "title": "A man was encouraged by a chatbot to kill Queen Elizabeth II in 2021. He was sentenced to 9 years - Courthouse News", "url": "https://www.courthousenews.com/a-man-was-encouraged-by-a-chatbot-to-kill-queen-elizabeth-ii-in-2021-he-was-sentenced-to-9-years/" }, { "id": "conversational-entrapment-s35", "independentlyReverified": false, "inheritedFromReport": true, "reportNumber": 35, "resolution": { "authorityTier": "secondary-or-technical", "canonicalTitle": "AI chatbot 'encouraged' man who planned to kill queen, court told | UK news | The Guardian", "categorySlugs": [ "conversational-entrapment" ], "claimIds": [ "AIP-09-0334", "AIP-09-0335", "AIP-09-0336", "AIP-09-0337", "AIP-09-0338", "AIP-09-0339", "AIP-09-0340", "AIP-09-0341", "AIP-09-0342", "AIP-09-0343", "AIP-09-0344", "AIP-09-0345", "AIP-09-0346", "AIP-09-0347", "AIP-09-0348", "AIP-09-0349", "AIP-09-0350", "AIP-09-0351", "AIP-09-0352", "AIP-09-0353", "AIP-09-0355", "AIP-09-0356", "AIP-09-0357", "AIP-09-0358", "AIP-09-0359", "AIP-09-0360", "AIP-09-0361", "AIP-09-0362", "AIP-09-0363", "AIP-09-0364", "AIP-09-0365", "AIP-09-0366", "AIP-09-0367", "AIP-09-0368", "AIP-09-0369", "AIP-09-0370", "AIP-09-0371", "AIP-09-0372", "AIP-09-0373", "AIP-09-0374", "AIP-09-0375" ], "corroboratingUrls": [], "currentFactRecheckRequired": true, "humanReviewed": false, "id": "conversational-entrapment-s35", "independentlyReverified": false, "limitations": [ "This selected reference has not received an independent source-scope review in this release." ], "originalUrl": "https://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2023/jul/06/ai-chatbot-encouraged-man-who-planned-to-kill-queen-court-told", "publicationDate": null, "publicationDateStatus": "unresolved", "publisherOrVenue": "theguardian.com", "reportNumber": 35, "resolutionStatus": "metadata-inherited-resolution-pending", "resolvedUrl": "https://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2023/jul/06/ai-chatbot-encouraged-man-who-planned-to-kill-queen-court-told", "retrievalStatus": "not-independently-retrieved", "reviewerState": "pending", "sourceType": "secondary-or-technical", "stableIdentifier": { "type": "url", "value": "https://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2023/jul/06/ai-chatbot-encouraged-man-who-planned-to-kill-queen-court-told" }, "supports": [] }, "sourceType": "secondary-or-technical", "title": "AI chatbot 'encouraged' man who planned to kill queen, court told | UK news | The Guardian", "url": "https://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2023/jul/06/ai-chatbot-encouraged-man-who-planned-to-kill-queen-court-told" }, { "id": "conversational-entrapment-s38", "independentlyReverified": false, "inheritedFromReport": true, "reportNumber": 38, "resolution": { "authorityTier": "secondary-or-technical", "canonicalTitle": "Incident 826: Character.ai Chatbot Allegedly Influenced Teen User Toward Suicide Amid Claims of Missing Guardrails", "categorySlugs": [ "conversational-entrapment" ], "claimIds": [ "AIP-09-0334", "AIP-09-0335", "AIP-09-0336", "AIP-09-0337", "AIP-09-0338", "AIP-09-0339", "AIP-09-0340", "AIP-09-0341", "AIP-09-0342", "AIP-09-0343", "AIP-09-0344", "AIP-09-0345", "AIP-09-0346", "AIP-09-0347", "AIP-09-0348", "AIP-09-0349", "AIP-09-0350", "AIP-09-0351", "AIP-09-0352", "AIP-09-0354", "AIP-09-0355", "AIP-09-0356", "AIP-09-0357", "AIP-09-0358", "AIP-09-0359", "AIP-09-0360", "AIP-09-0361", "AIP-09-0362", "AIP-09-0363", "AIP-09-0364", "AIP-09-0365", "AIP-09-0366", "AIP-09-0367", "AIP-09-0368", "AIP-09-0369", "AIP-09-0370", "AIP-09-0371", "AIP-09-0372", "AIP-09-0373", "AIP-09-0374", "AIP-09-0375" ], "corroboratingUrls": [], "currentFactRecheckRequired": true, "humanReviewed": false, "id": "conversational-entrapment-s38", "independentlyReverified": false, "limitations": [ "This selected reference has not received an independent source-scope review in this release." ], "originalUrl": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/826/", "publicationDate": null, "publicationDateStatus": "unresolved", "publisherOrVenue": "incidentdatabase.ai", "reportNumber": 38, "resolutionStatus": "metadata-inherited-resolution-pending", "resolvedUrl": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/826/", "retrievalStatus": "not-independently-retrieved", "reviewerState": "pending", "sourceType": "secondary-or-technical", "stableIdentifier": { "type": "url", "value": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/826/" }, "supports": [] }, "sourceType": "secondary-or-technical", "title": "Incident 826: Character.ai Chatbot Allegedly Influenced Teen User Toward Suicide Amid Claims of Missing Guardrails", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/826/" }, { "id": "conversational-entrapment-s39", "independentlyReverified": false, "inheritedFromReport": true, "reportNumber": 39, "resolution": { "authorityTier": "secondary-or-technical", "canonicalTitle": "Garcia v. Character Technologies, Google, and Character AI co-founders, Daniel de Frietas and Noam Shazeer - Tech Justice Law Project", "categorySlugs": [ "conversational-entrapment" ], "claimIds": [ "AIP-09-0334", "AIP-09-0335", "AIP-09-0336", "AIP-09-0337", "AIP-09-0338", "AIP-09-0339", "AIP-09-0340", "AIP-09-0341", "AIP-09-0342", "AIP-09-0343", "AIP-09-0344", "AIP-09-0345", "AIP-09-0346", "AIP-09-0347", "AIP-09-0348", "AIP-09-0349", "AIP-09-0350", "AIP-09-0351", "AIP-09-0352", "AIP-09-0354", "AIP-09-0355", "AIP-09-0356", "AIP-09-0357", "AIP-09-0358", "AIP-09-0359", "AIP-09-0360", "AIP-09-0361", "AIP-09-0362", "AIP-09-0363", "AIP-09-0364", "AIP-09-0365", "AIP-09-0366", "AIP-09-0367", "AIP-09-0368", "AIP-09-0369", "AIP-09-0370", "AIP-09-0371", "AIP-09-0372", "AIP-09-0373", "AIP-09-0374", "AIP-09-0375" ], "corroboratingUrls": [], "currentFactRecheckRequired": true, "humanReviewed": false, "id": "conversational-entrapment-s39", "independentlyReverified": false, "limitations": [ "This selected reference has not received an independent source-scope review in this release." ], "originalUrl": "https://techjusticelaw.org/cases/garcia-v-character-technologies-google-and-character-ai-co-founders-daniel-de-frietas-and-noam-shazeer/", "publicationDate": null, "publicationDateStatus": "unresolved", "publisherOrVenue": "techjusticelaw.org", "reportNumber": 39, "resolutionStatus": "metadata-inherited-resolution-pending", "resolvedUrl": "https://techjusticelaw.org/cases/garcia-v-character-technologies-google-and-character-ai-co-founders-daniel-de-frietas-and-noam-shazeer/", "retrievalStatus": "not-independently-retrieved", "reviewerState": "pending", "sourceType": "secondary-or-technical", "stableIdentifier": { "type": "url", "value": "https://techjusticelaw.org/cases/garcia-v-character-technologies-google-and-character-ai-co-founders-daniel-de-frietas-and-noam-shazeer/" }, "supports": [] }, "sourceType": "secondary-or-technical", "title": "Garcia v. Character Technologies, Google, and Character AI co-founders, Daniel de Frietas and Noam Shazeer - Tech Justice Law Project", "url": "https://techjusticelaw.org/cases/garcia-v-character-technologies-google-and-character-ai-co-founders-daniel-de-frietas-and-noam-shazeer/" }, { "id": "conversational-entrapment-s4", "independentlyReverified": true, "inheritedFromReport": true, "reportNumber": 4, "resolution": { "authorityTier": "academic-policy-brief", "canonicalTitle": "Tech Brief: Text-Based Scams & AI | Institute for Technology Law & Policy", "categorySlugs": [ "conversational-entrapment" ], "claimIds": [ "AIP-09-0334", "AIP-09-0335", "AIP-09-0336", "AIP-09-0337", "AIP-09-0338", "AIP-09-0339", "AIP-09-0340", "AIP-09-0341", "AIP-09-0342", "AIP-09-0343", "AIP-09-0344", "AIP-09-0345", "AIP-09-0346", "AIP-09-0347", "AIP-09-0348", "AIP-09-0349", "AIP-09-0350", "AIP-09-0351", "AIP-09-0352", "AIP-09-0355", "AIP-09-0356", "AIP-09-0357", "AIP-09-0358", "AIP-09-0359", "AIP-09-0360", "AIP-09-0361", "AIP-09-0362", "AIP-09-0363", "AIP-09-0364", "AIP-09-0365", "AIP-09-0366", "AIP-09-0367", "AIP-09-0368", "AIP-09-0369", "AIP-09-0370", "AIP-09-0371", "AIP-09-0372", "AIP-09-0373", "AIP-09-0374", "AIP-09-0375" ], "corroboratingUrls": [], "currentFactRecheckRequired": true, "humanReviewed": false, "id": "conversational-entrapment-s4", "independentlyReverified": true, "limitations": [ "The source does not establish that fully automated systems independently complete long-duration fraud relationships.", "Reported capability should be separated from measured prevalence and losses attributable specifically to AI." ], "originalUrl": "https://www.law.georgetown.edu/tech-institute/research-insights/insights/tech-brief-text-based-scams-ai/", "publicationDate": null, "publicationDateStatus": "unresolved", "publisherOrVenue": "Georgetown Law Institute for Technology Law & Policy", "reportNumber": 4, "resolutionStatus": "independently-checked", "resolvedUrl": "https://www.law.georgetown.edu/tech-institute/research-insights/insights/tech-brief-text-based-scams-ai/", "retrievalStatus": "academic-policy-brief-retrieved", "reviewerState": "pending", "sourceType": "research", "stableIdentifier": { "type": "url", "value": "https://www.law.georgetown.edu/tech-institute/research-insights/insights/tech-brief-text-based-scams-ai/" }, "supports": [ "The brief supports a bounded claim that generative AI can reduce linguistic friction and scale parts of text-based scam workflows." ] }, "sourceType": "research", "title": "Tech Brief: Text-Based Scams & AI | Institute for Technology Law & Policy", "url": "https://www.law.georgetown.edu/tech-institute/research-insights/insights/tech-brief-text-based-scams-ai/", "verification": { "authorityTier": "academic-policy-brief", "checkedAtUtc": "2026-07-27T18:45:00Z", "checkedBy": "automated-release-source-review", "corroboratingUrls": [], "humanReviewed": false, "limitations": [ "The source does not establish that fully automated systems independently complete long-duration fraud relationships.", "Reported capability should be separated from measured prevalence and losses attributable specifically to AI." ], "resolvedUrl": "https://www.law.georgetown.edu/tech-institute/research-insights/insights/tech-brief-text-based-scams-ai/", "status": "selected-source-checked", "supports": [ "The brief supports a bounded claim that generative AI can reduce linguistic friction and scale parts of text-based scam workflows." ], "urlStatus": "academic-policy-brief-retrieved" } }, { "id": "conversational-entrapment-s6", "independentlyReverified": false, "inheritedFromReport": true, "reportNumber": 6, "resolution": { "authorityTier": "research-source", "canonicalTitle": "Conceptualizing “grooming” in child sexual abuse: A scoping review of Scandinavian and non-Scandinavian research", "categorySlugs": [ "conversational-entrapment" ], "claimIds": [ "AIP-09-0334", "AIP-09-0335", "AIP-09-0336", "AIP-09-0337", "AIP-09-0338", "AIP-09-0339", "AIP-09-0340", "AIP-09-0341", "AIP-09-0342", "AIP-09-0343", "AIP-09-0344", "AIP-09-0345", "AIP-09-0346", "AIP-09-0347", "AIP-09-0348", "AIP-09-0349", "AIP-09-0350", "AIP-09-0351", "AIP-09-0352", "AIP-09-0355", "AIP-09-0356", "AIP-09-0357", "AIP-09-0358", "AIP-09-0359", "AIP-09-0360", "AIP-09-0361", "AIP-09-0362", "AIP-09-0363", "AIP-09-0364", "AIP-09-0365", "AIP-09-0366", "AIP-09-0367", "AIP-09-0368", "AIP-09-0369", "AIP-09-0370", "AIP-09-0371", "AIP-09-0372", "AIP-09-0373", "AIP-09-0374", "AIP-09-0375" ], "corroboratingUrls": [], "currentFactRecheckRequired": true, "humanReviewed": false, "id": "conversational-entrapment-s6", "independentlyReverified": false, "limitations": [ "This selected reference has not received an independent source-scope review in this release." ], "originalUrl": "https://www.scup.com/doi/10.18261/njc.26.2.7", "publicationDate": null, "publicationDateStatus": "unresolved", "publisherOrVenue": "scup.com", "reportNumber": 6, "resolutionStatus": "metadata-inherited-resolution-pending", "resolvedUrl": "https://www.scup.com/doi/10.18261/njc.26.2.7", "retrievalStatus": "not-independently-retrieved", "reviewerState": "pending", "sourceType": "research", "stableIdentifier": { "type": "doi", "value": "10.18261/njc.26.2.7" }, "supports": [] }, "sourceType": "research", "title": "Conceptualizing “grooming” in child sexual abuse: A scoping review of Scandinavian and non-Scandinavian research", "url": "https://www.scup.com/doi/10.18261/njc.26.2.7" }, { "id": "conversational-entrapment-s8", "independentlyReverified": false, "inheritedFromReport": true, "reportNumber": 8, "resolution": { "authorityTier": "secondary-or-technical", "canonicalTitle": "MEMORIES Of THE fUTURE: SWEETIE AND THE IMPACT Of THE NEW TECHNOLOGIES ON THE CRIMINAL JUSTICE SySTEM", "categorySlugs": [ "conversational-entrapment" ], "claimIds": [ "AIP-09-0334", "AIP-09-0335", "AIP-09-0336", "AIP-09-0337", "AIP-09-0338", "AIP-09-0339", "AIP-09-0340", "AIP-09-0341", "AIP-09-0342", "AIP-09-0343", "AIP-09-0344", "AIP-09-0345", "AIP-09-0346", "AIP-09-0347", "AIP-09-0348", "AIP-09-0349", "AIP-09-0350", "AIP-09-0351", "AIP-09-0352", "AIP-09-0355", "AIP-09-0356", "AIP-09-0357", "AIP-09-0358", "AIP-09-0359", "AIP-09-0360", "AIP-09-0361", "AIP-09-0362", "AIP-09-0363", "AIP-09-0364", "AIP-09-0365", "AIP-09-0366", "AIP-09-0367", "AIP-09-0368", "AIP-09-0369", "AIP-09-0370", "AIP-09-0371", "AIP-09-0372", "AIP-09-0373", "AIP-09-0374", "AIP-09-0375" ], "corroboratingUrls": [], "currentFactRecheckRequired": true, "humanReviewed": false, "id": "conversational-entrapment-s8", "independentlyReverified": false, "limitations": [ "This selected reference has not received an independent source-scope review in this release." ], "originalUrl": "https://ojs.srce.hr/index.php/eclic/article/download/11916/5894", "publicationDate": null, "publicationDateStatus": "unresolved", "publisherOrVenue": "ojs.srce.hr", "reportNumber": 8, "resolutionStatus": "metadata-inherited-resolution-pending", "resolvedUrl": "https://ojs.srce.hr/index.php/eclic/article/download/11916/5894", "retrievalStatus": "not-independently-retrieved", "reviewerState": "pending", "sourceType": "secondary-or-technical", "stableIdentifier": { "type": "url", "value": "https://ojs.srce.hr/index.php/eclic/article/download/11916/5894" }, "supports": [] }, "sourceType": "secondary-or-technical", "title": "MEMORIES Of THE fUTURE: SWEETIE AND THE IMPACT Of THE NEW TECHNOLOGIES ON THE CRIMINAL JUSTICE SySTEM", "url": "https://ojs.srce.hr/index.php/eclic/article/download/11916/5894" }, { "id": "deepfake-psyops-s1", "independentlyReverified": false, "inheritedFromReport": true, "reportNumber": 1, "resolution": { "authorityTier": "research-source", "canonicalTitle": "Deepfake! A Liar's Dividend for Audiovisual Material - Ovid", "categorySlugs": [ "deepfake-psyops" ], "claimIds": [ "AIP-10-0376", "AIP-10-0377", "AIP-10-0378", "AIP-10-0379", "AIP-10-0380", "AIP-10-0381", "AIP-10-0382", "AIP-10-0383", "AIP-10-0384", "AIP-10-0385", "AIP-10-0386", "AIP-10-0387", "AIP-10-0388", "AIP-10-0389", "AIP-10-0390", "AIP-10-0391", "AIP-10-0392", "AIP-10-0393", "AIP-10-0394", "AIP-10-0397", "AIP-10-0398", "AIP-10-0399", "AIP-10-0400", "AIP-10-0401", "AIP-10-0402", "AIP-10-0403", "AIP-10-0404", "AIP-10-0405", "AIP-10-0406", "AIP-10-0407", "AIP-10-0408", "AIP-10-0409", "AIP-10-0410", "AIP-10-0411", "AIP-10-0412", "AIP-10-0413", "AIP-10-0414", "AIP-10-0415", "AIP-10-0416", "AIP-10-0417" ], "corroboratingUrls": [], "currentFactRecheckRequired": true, "humanReviewed": false, "id": "deepfake-psyops-s1", "independentlyReverified": false, "limitations": [ "This selected reference has not received an independent source-scope review in this release." ], "originalUrl": "https://www.ovid.com/journals/popmed/pdf/10.1037/ppm0000665~deepfake-a-liars-dividend-for-audiovisual-material", "publicationDate": null, "publicationDateStatus": "unresolved", "publisherOrVenue": "ovid.com", "reportNumber": 1, "resolutionStatus": "metadata-inherited-resolution-pending", "resolvedUrl": "https://www.ovid.com/journals/popmed/pdf/10.1037/ppm0000665~deepfake-a-liars-dividend-for-audiovisual-material", "retrievalStatus": "not-independently-retrieved", "reviewerState": "pending", "sourceType": "research", "stableIdentifier": { "type": "url", "value": "https://www.ovid.com/journals/popmed/pdf/10.1037/ppm0000665~deepfake-a-liars-dividend-for-audiovisual-material" }, "supports": [] }, "sourceType": "research", "title": "Deepfake! A Liar's Dividend for Audiovisual Material - Ovid", "url": "https://www.ovid.com/journals/popmed/pdf/10.1037/ppm0000665~deepfake-a-liars-dividend-for-audiovisual-material" }, { "id": "deepfake-psyops-s13", "independentlyReverified": false, "inheritedFromReport": true, "reportNumber": 13, "resolution": { "authorityTier": "secondary-or-technical", "canonicalTitle": "Incident 573: Deepfake Recordings Allegedly Influence Slovakian Election", "categorySlugs": [ "deepfake-psyops" ], "claimIds": [ "AIP-10-0376", "AIP-10-0377", "AIP-10-0378", "AIP-10-0379", "AIP-10-0380", "AIP-10-0381", "AIP-10-0382", "AIP-10-0383", "AIP-10-0384", "AIP-10-0385", "AIP-10-0386", "AIP-10-0387", "AIP-10-0388", "AIP-10-0389", "AIP-10-0390", "AIP-10-0391", "AIP-10-0392", "AIP-10-0393", "AIP-10-0394", "AIP-10-0397", "AIP-10-0398", "AIP-10-0399", "AIP-10-0400", "AIP-10-0401", "AIP-10-0402", "AIP-10-0403", "AIP-10-0404", "AIP-10-0405", "AIP-10-0406", "AIP-10-0407", "AIP-10-0408", "AIP-10-0409", "AIP-10-0410", "AIP-10-0411", "AIP-10-0412", "AIP-10-0413", "AIP-10-0414", "AIP-10-0415", "AIP-10-0416", "AIP-10-0417" ], "corroboratingUrls": [], "currentFactRecheckRequired": true, "humanReviewed": false, "id": "deepfake-psyops-s13", "independentlyReverified": false, "limitations": [ "This selected reference has not received an independent source-scope review in this release." ], "originalUrl": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/573/", "publicationDate": null, "publicationDateStatus": "unresolved", "publisherOrVenue": "incidentdatabase.ai", "reportNumber": 13, "resolutionStatus": "metadata-inherited-resolution-pending", "resolvedUrl": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/573/", "retrievalStatus": "not-independently-retrieved", "reviewerState": "pending", "sourceType": "secondary-or-technical", "stableIdentifier": { "type": "url", "value": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/573/" }, "supports": [] }, "sourceType": "secondary-or-technical", "title": "Incident 573: Deepfake Recordings Allegedly Influence Slovakian Election", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/573/" }, { "id": "deepfake-psyops-s15", "independentlyReverified": false, "inheritedFromReport": true, "reportNumber": 15, "resolution": { "authorityTier": "secondary-or-technical", "canonicalTitle": "A Deep Dive Into the Pikesville, MD, Racist/Antisemitic Deepfake Audio - EDRM", "categorySlugs": [ "deepfake-psyops" ], "claimIds": [ "AIP-10-0376", "AIP-10-0377", "AIP-10-0378", "AIP-10-0379", "AIP-10-0380", "AIP-10-0381", "AIP-10-0382", "AIP-10-0383", "AIP-10-0384", "AIP-10-0385", "AIP-10-0386", "AIP-10-0387", "AIP-10-0388", "AIP-10-0389", "AIP-10-0390", "AIP-10-0391", "AIP-10-0392", "AIP-10-0393", "AIP-10-0394", "AIP-10-0397", "AIP-10-0398", "AIP-10-0399", "AIP-10-0400", "AIP-10-0401", "AIP-10-0402", "AIP-10-0403", "AIP-10-0404", "AIP-10-0405", "AIP-10-0406", "AIP-10-0407", "AIP-10-0408", "AIP-10-0409", "AIP-10-0410", "AIP-10-0411", "AIP-10-0412", "AIP-10-0413", "AIP-10-0414", "AIP-10-0415", "AIP-10-0416", "AIP-10-0417" ], "corroboratingUrls": [], "currentFactRecheckRequired": true, "humanReviewed": false, "id": "deepfake-psyops-s15", "independentlyReverified": false, "limitations": [ "This selected reference has not received an independent source-scope review in this release." ], "originalUrl": "https://edrm.net/2026/07/a-deep-dive-into-the-pikesville-md-racist-antisemitic-deepfake-audio/", "publicationDate": null, "publicationDateStatus": "unresolved", "publisherOrVenue": "edrm.net", "reportNumber": 15, "resolutionStatus": "metadata-inherited-resolution-pending", "resolvedUrl": "https://edrm.net/2026/07/a-deep-dive-into-the-pikesville-md-racist-antisemitic-deepfake-audio/", "retrievalStatus": "not-independently-retrieved", "reviewerState": "pending", "sourceType": "secondary-or-technical", "stableIdentifier": { "type": "url", "value": "https://edrm.net/2026/07/a-deep-dive-into-the-pikesville-md-racist-antisemitic-deepfake-audio/" }, "supports": [] }, "sourceType": "secondary-or-technical", "title": "A Deep Dive Into the Pikesville, MD, Racist/Antisemitic Deepfake Audio - EDRM", "url": "https://edrm.net/2026/07/a-deep-dive-into-the-pikesville-md-racist-antisemitic-deepfake-audio/" }, { "id": "deepfake-psyops-s27", "independentlyReverified": false, "inheritedFromReport": true, "reportNumber": 27, "resolution": { "authorityTier": "secondary-or-technical", "canonicalTitle": "Zelenskyy deepfake reflects new front in Ukraine conflict - Information Age | ACS", "categorySlugs": [ "deepfake-psyops" ], "claimIds": [ "AIP-10-0376", "AIP-10-0377", "AIP-10-0378", "AIP-10-0379", "AIP-10-0380", "AIP-10-0381", "AIP-10-0382", "AIP-10-0383", "AIP-10-0384", "AIP-10-0385", "AIP-10-0386", "AIP-10-0387", "AIP-10-0388", "AIP-10-0389", "AIP-10-0390", "AIP-10-0391", "AIP-10-0392", "AIP-10-0393", "AIP-10-0394", "AIP-10-0395", "AIP-10-0397", "AIP-10-0398", "AIP-10-0399", "AIP-10-0400", "AIP-10-0401", "AIP-10-0402", "AIP-10-0403", "AIP-10-0404", "AIP-10-0405", "AIP-10-0406", "AIP-10-0407", "AIP-10-0408", "AIP-10-0409", "AIP-10-0410", "AIP-10-0411", "AIP-10-0412", "AIP-10-0413", "AIP-10-0414", "AIP-10-0415", "AIP-10-0416", "AIP-10-0417" ], "corroboratingUrls": [], "currentFactRecheckRequired": true, "humanReviewed": false, "id": "deepfake-psyops-s27", "independentlyReverified": false, "limitations": [ "This selected reference has not received an independent source-scope review in this release." ], "originalUrl": "https://ia.acs.org.au/article/2022/zelenskyy-deepfake-reflects-new-front-in-ukraine-conflict.html", "publicationDate": null, "publicationDateStatus": "unresolved", "publisherOrVenue": "ia.acs.org.au", "reportNumber": 27, "resolutionStatus": "metadata-inherited-resolution-pending", "resolvedUrl": "https://ia.acs.org.au/article/2022/zelenskyy-deepfake-reflects-new-front-in-ukraine-conflict.html", "retrievalStatus": "not-independently-retrieved", "reviewerState": "pending", "sourceType": "secondary-or-technical", "stableIdentifier": { "type": "url", "value": "https://ia.acs.org.au/article/2022/zelenskyy-deepfake-reflects-new-front-in-ukraine-conflict.html" }, "supports": [] }, "sourceType": "secondary-or-technical", "title": "Zelenskyy deepfake reflects new front in Ukraine conflict - Information Age | ACS", "url": "https://ia.acs.org.au/article/2022/zelenskyy-deepfake-reflects-new-front-in-ukraine-conflict.html" }, { "id": "deepfake-psyops-s30", "independentlyReverified": true, "inheritedFromReport": true, "reportNumber": 30, "resolution": { "authorityTier": "official-or-institutional-source", "canonicalTitle": "Athletic Director Charged in Pikesville High School AI Case | Baltimore County Government", "categorySlugs": [ "deepfake-psyops" ], "claimIds": [ "AIP-10-0376", "AIP-10-0377", "AIP-10-0378", "AIP-10-0379", "AIP-10-0380", "AIP-10-0381", "AIP-10-0382", "AIP-10-0383", "AIP-10-0384", "AIP-10-0385", "AIP-10-0386", "AIP-10-0387", "AIP-10-0388", "AIP-10-0389", "AIP-10-0390", "AIP-10-0391", "AIP-10-0392", "AIP-10-0393", "AIP-10-0394", "AIP-10-0396", "AIP-10-0397", "AIP-10-0398", "AIP-10-0399", "AIP-10-0400", "AIP-10-0401", "AIP-10-0402", "AIP-10-0403", "AIP-10-0404", "AIP-10-0405", "AIP-10-0406", "AIP-10-0407", "AIP-10-0408", "AIP-10-0409", "AIP-10-0410", "AIP-10-0411", "AIP-10-0412", "AIP-10-0413", "AIP-10-0414", "AIP-10-0415", "AIP-10-0416", "AIP-10-0417" ], "corroboratingUrls": [], "currentFactRecheckRequired": true, "humanReviewed": false, "id": "deepfake-psyops-s30", "independentlyReverified": true, "limitations": [ "A charging announcement is not a final adjudication of guilt." ], "originalUrl": "https://www.baltimorecountymd.gov/departments/police/news/athletic-director-charged-pikesville-high-school-ai-case", "publicationDate": null, "publicationDateStatus": "unresolved", "publisherOrVenue": "Baltimore County Government", "reportNumber": 30, "resolutionStatus": "independently-checked", "resolvedUrl": "https://www.baltimorecountymd.gov/departments/police/news/athletic-director-charged-pikesville-high-school-ai-case", "retrievalStatus": "reachable", "reviewerState": "pending", "sourceType": "official-or-institutional", "stableIdentifier": { "type": "url", "value": "https://www.baltimorecountymd.gov/departments/police/news/athletic-director-charged-pikesville-high-school-ai-case" }, "supports": [ "Baltimore County Police reported the arrest and charges associated with the Pikesville High School AI-generated audio case." ] }, "sourceType": "official-or-institutional", "title": "Athletic Director Charged in Pikesville High School AI Case | Baltimore County Government", "url": "https://www.baltimorecountymd.gov/departments/police/news/athletic-director-charged-pikesville-high-school-ai-case", "verification": { "authorityTier": "official-or-institutional-source", "checkedAtUtc": "2026-07-27T16:22:30Z", "checkedBy": "automated-release-review", "corroboratingUrls": [], "humanReviewed": false, "limitations": [ "A charging announcement is not a final adjudication of guilt." ], "resolvedUrl": "https://www.baltimorecountymd.gov/departments/police/news/athletic-director-charged-pikesville-high-school-ai-case", "status": "selected-source-checked", "supports": [ "Baltimore County Police reported the arrest and charges associated with the Pikesville High School AI-generated audio case." ], "urlStatus": "reachable" } }, { "id": "deepfake-psyops-s4", "independentlyReverified": true, "inheritedFromReport": true, "reportNumber": 4, "resolution": { "authorityTier": "research-publication-or-preprint", "canonicalTitle": "Verifying Provenance of Digital Media: Why the C2PA Specifications Fall Short - arXiv", "categorySlugs": [ "deepfake-psyops" ], "claimIds": [ "AIP-10-0376", "AIP-10-0377", "AIP-10-0378", "AIP-10-0379", "AIP-10-0380", "AIP-10-0381", "AIP-10-0382", "AIP-10-0383", "AIP-10-0384", "AIP-10-0385", "AIP-10-0386", "AIP-10-0387", "AIP-10-0388", "AIP-10-0389", "AIP-10-0390", "AIP-10-0391", "AIP-10-0392", "AIP-10-0393", "AIP-10-0394", "AIP-10-0397", "AIP-10-0398", "AIP-10-0399", "AIP-10-0400", "AIP-10-0401", "AIP-10-0402", "AIP-10-0403", "AIP-10-0404", "AIP-10-0405", "AIP-10-0406", "AIP-10-0407", "AIP-10-0408", "AIP-10-0409", "AIP-10-0410", "AIP-10-0411", "AIP-10-0412", "AIP-10-0413", "AIP-10-0414", "AIP-10-0415", "AIP-10-0416", "AIP-10-0417" ], "corroboratingUrls": [ "https://spec.c2pa.org/specifications/specifications/2.4/explainer/Explainer.html", "https://spec.c2pa.org/specifications/specifications/2.4/specs/C2PA_Specification.html" ], "currentFactRecheckRequired": true, "humanReviewed": false, "id": "deepfake-psyops-s4", "independentlyReverified": true, "limitations": [ "The critical paper is a preprint and should not be treated as settled consensus.", "The official standard and the critical analysis address different questions and should be presented together." ], "originalUrl": "https://arxiv.org/html/2604.24890v1", "publicationDate": null, "publicationDateStatus": "unresolved", "publisherOrVenue": "arXiv", "reportNumber": 4, "resolutionStatus": "independently-checked", "resolvedUrl": "https://arxiv.org/abs/2604.24890", "retrievalStatus": "reachable", "reviewerState": "pending", "sourceType": "research", "stableIdentifier": { "type": "arxiv", "value": "2604.24890" }, "supports": [ "The 2026 preprint presents an independent critical security analysis of C2PA.", "Current C2PA documentation itself states that credentials are not truth judgments, may be incomplete, and can be removed from an asset." ] }, "sourceType": "research", "title": "Verifying Provenance of Digital Media: Why the C2PA Specifications Fall Short - arXiv", "url": "https://arxiv.org/html/2604.24890v1", "verification": { "authorityTier": "research-publication-or-preprint", "checkedAtUtc": "2026-07-27T16:22:30Z", "checkedBy": "automated-release-review", "corroboratingUrls": [ "https://spec.c2pa.org/specifications/specifications/2.4/explainer/Explainer.html", "https://spec.c2pa.org/specifications/specifications/2.4/specs/C2PA_Specification.html" ], "humanReviewed": false, "limitations": [ "The critical paper is a preprint and should not be treated as settled consensus.", "The official standard and the critical analysis address different questions and should be presented together." ], "resolvedUrl": "https://arxiv.org/abs/2604.24890", "status": "selected-source-checked-with-context", "supports": [ "The 2026 preprint presents an independent critical security analysis of C2PA.", "Current C2PA documentation itself states that credentials are not truth judgments, may be incomplete, and can be removed from an asset." ], "urlStatus": "reachable" } }, { "id": "deepfake-psyops-s5", "independentlyReverified": true, "inheritedFromReport": true, "reportNumber": 5, "resolution": { "authorityTier": "research-preprint", "canonicalTitle": "Robustness Assessment and Enhancement of Text Watermarking for Google's SynthID", "categorySlugs": [ "deepfake-psyops" ], "claimIds": [ "AIP-10-0376", "AIP-10-0377", "AIP-10-0378", "AIP-10-0379", "AIP-10-0380", "AIP-10-0381", "AIP-10-0382", "AIP-10-0383", "AIP-10-0384", "AIP-10-0385", "AIP-10-0386", "AIP-10-0387", "AIP-10-0388", "AIP-10-0389", "AIP-10-0390", "AIP-10-0391", "AIP-10-0392", "AIP-10-0393", "AIP-10-0394", "AIP-10-0397", "AIP-10-0398", "AIP-10-0399", "AIP-10-0400", "AIP-10-0401", "AIP-10-0402", "AIP-10-0403", "AIP-10-0404", "AIP-10-0405", "AIP-10-0406", "AIP-10-0407", "AIP-10-0408", "AIP-10-0409", "AIP-10-0410", "AIP-10-0411", "AIP-10-0412", "AIP-10-0413", "AIP-10-0414", "AIP-10-0415", "AIP-10-0416", "AIP-10-0417" ], "corroboratingUrls": [], "currentFactRecheckRequired": true, "humanReviewed": false, "id": "deepfake-psyops-s5", "independentlyReverified": true, "limitations": [ "The source is a preprint and addresses one watermarking approach rather than all provenance systems.", "Watermark removal or degradation does not prove malicious intent." ], "originalUrl": "https://arxiv.org/html/2508.20228v1", "publicationDate": null, "publicationDateStatus": "unresolved", "publisherOrVenue": "arXiv", "reportNumber": 5, "resolutionStatus": "independently-checked", "resolvedUrl": "https://arxiv.org/abs/2508.20228", "retrievalStatus": "research-preprint-retrieved", "reviewerState": "pending", "sourceType": "research", "stableIdentifier": { "type": "arxiv", "value": "2508.20228" }, "supports": [ "The paper evaluates robustness limits and enhancement methods for SynthID-style text watermarking, supporting the claim that watermark performance depends on transformations and evaluation conditions." ] }, "sourceType": "research", "title": "Robustness Assessment and Enhancement of Text Watermarking for Google's SynthID", "url": "https://arxiv.org/html/2508.20228v1", "verification": { "authorityTier": "research-preprint", "checkedAtUtc": "2026-07-27T18:45:00Z", "checkedBy": "automated-release-source-review", "corroboratingUrls": [], "humanReviewed": false, "limitations": [ "The source is a preprint and addresses one watermarking approach rather than all provenance systems.", "Watermark removal or degradation does not prove malicious intent." ], "resolvedUrl": "https://arxiv.org/abs/2508.20228", "status": "selected-source-checked", "supports": [ "The paper evaluates robustness limits and enhancement methods for SynthID-style text watermarking, supporting the claim that watermark performance depends on transformations and evaluation conditions." ], "urlStatus": "research-preprint-retrieved" } }, { "id": "deepfake-psyops-s6", "independentlyReverified": false, "inheritedFromReport": true, "reportNumber": 6, "resolution": { "authorityTier": "secondary-or-technical", "canonicalTitle": "Using ZK Proofs to Fight Disinformation | by Dan Boneh - Medium", "categorySlugs": [ "deepfake-psyops" ], "claimIds": [ "AIP-10-0376", "AIP-10-0377", "AIP-10-0378", "AIP-10-0379", "AIP-10-0380", "AIP-10-0381", "AIP-10-0382", "AIP-10-0383", "AIP-10-0384", "AIP-10-0385", "AIP-10-0386", "AIP-10-0387", "AIP-10-0388", "AIP-10-0389", "AIP-10-0390", "AIP-10-0391", "AIP-10-0392", "AIP-10-0393", "AIP-10-0394", "AIP-10-0397", "AIP-10-0398", "AIP-10-0399", "AIP-10-0400", "AIP-10-0401", "AIP-10-0402", "AIP-10-0403", "AIP-10-0404", "AIP-10-0405", "AIP-10-0406", "AIP-10-0407", "AIP-10-0408", "AIP-10-0409", "AIP-10-0410", "AIP-10-0411", "AIP-10-0412", "AIP-10-0413", "AIP-10-0414", "AIP-10-0415", "AIP-10-0416", "AIP-10-0417" ], "corroboratingUrls": [], "currentFactRecheckRequired": true, "humanReviewed": false, "id": "deepfake-psyops-s6", "independentlyReverified": false, "limitations": [ "This selected reference has not received an independent source-scope review in this release." ], "originalUrl": "https://medium.com/@boneh/using-zk-proofs-to-fight-disinformation-17e7d57fe52f", "publicationDate": null, "publicationDateStatus": "unresolved", "publisherOrVenue": "medium.com", "reportNumber": 6, "resolutionStatus": "metadata-inherited-resolution-pending", "resolvedUrl": "https://medium.com/@boneh/using-zk-proofs-to-fight-disinformation-17e7d57fe52f", "retrievalStatus": "not-independently-retrieved", "reviewerState": "pending", "sourceType": "secondary-or-technical", "stableIdentifier": { "type": "url", "value": "https://medium.com/@boneh/using-zk-proofs-to-fight-disinformation-17e7d57fe52f" }, "supports": [] }, "sourceType": "secondary-or-technical", "title": "Using ZK Proofs to Fight Disinformation | by Dan Boneh - Medium", "url": "https://medium.com/@boneh/using-zk-proofs-to-fight-disinformation-17e7d57fe52f" }, { "id": "disinformation-swarms-s1", "independentlyReverified": false, "inheritedFromReport": true, "reportNumber": 1, "resolution": { "authorityTier": "research-source", "canonicalTitle": "Citation: Schroeder et al. How Malicious AI Swarms Can Threaten Democracy. 1-8…. DOI:000000/11111. Corresponding author: daniel.t.schroeder@sintef.no; †These authors contributed equally to this work; The authors are listed in alphabetical order by last name, starting from the third and ending with the second-to-last. - arXiv", "categorySlugs": [ "disinformation-swarms" ], "claimIds": [ "AIP-06-0209", "AIP-06-0210", "AIP-06-0211", "AIP-06-0212", "AIP-06-0213", "AIP-06-0214", "AIP-06-0215", "AIP-06-0216", "AIP-06-0217", "AIP-06-0218", "AIP-06-0219", "AIP-06-0220", "AIP-06-0221", "AIP-06-0222", "AIP-06-0223", "AIP-06-0224", "AIP-06-0225", "AIP-06-0226", "AIP-06-0227", "AIP-06-0230", "AIP-06-0231", "AIP-06-0232", "AIP-06-0233", "AIP-06-0234", "AIP-06-0235", "AIP-06-0236", "AIP-06-0237", "AIP-06-0238", "AIP-06-0239", "AIP-06-0240", "AIP-06-0241", "AIP-06-0242", "AIP-06-0243", "AIP-06-0244", "AIP-06-0245", "AIP-06-0246", "AIP-06-0247", "AIP-06-0248", "AIP-06-0249" ], "corroboratingUrls": [], "currentFactRecheckRequired": true, "humanReviewed": false, "id": "disinformation-swarms-s1", "independentlyReverified": false, "limitations": [ "This selected reference has not received an independent source-scope review in this release." ], "originalUrl": "https://arxiv.org/html/2506.06299v1", "publicationDate": null, "publicationDateStatus": "unresolved", "publisherOrVenue": "arXiv", "reportNumber": 1, "resolutionStatus": "metadata-inherited-resolution-pending", "resolvedUrl": "https://arxiv.org/html/2506.06299v1", "retrievalStatus": "not-independently-retrieved", "reviewerState": "pending", "sourceType": "research", "stableIdentifier": { "type": "arxiv", "value": "2506.06299" }, "supports": [] }, "sourceType": "research", "title": "Citation: Schroeder et al. How Malicious AI Swarms Can Threaten Democracy. 1-8…. DOI:000000/11111. Corresponding author: daniel.t.schroeder@sintef.no; †These authors contributed equally to this work; The authors are listed in alphabetical order by last name, starting from the third and ending with the second-to-last. - arXiv", "url": "https://arxiv.org/html/2506.06299v1" }, { "id": "disinformation-swarms-s11", "independentlyReverified": false, "inheritedFromReport": true, "reportNumber": 11, "resolution": { "authorityTier": "secondary-or-technical", "canonicalTitle": "Russia-linked 'Doppelgänger' social media operation rolls on, report says", "categorySlugs": [ "disinformation-swarms" ], "claimIds": [ "AIP-06-0209", "AIP-06-0210", "AIP-06-0211", "AIP-06-0212", "AIP-06-0213", "AIP-06-0214", "AIP-06-0215", "AIP-06-0216", "AIP-06-0217", "AIP-06-0218", "AIP-06-0219", "AIP-06-0220", "AIP-06-0221", "AIP-06-0222", "AIP-06-0223", "AIP-06-0224", "AIP-06-0225", "AIP-06-0226", "AIP-06-0227", "AIP-06-0229", "AIP-06-0230", "AIP-06-0231", "AIP-06-0232", "AIP-06-0233", "AIP-06-0234", "AIP-06-0235", "AIP-06-0236", "AIP-06-0237", "AIP-06-0238", "AIP-06-0239", "AIP-06-0240", "AIP-06-0241", "AIP-06-0242", "AIP-06-0243", "AIP-06-0244", "AIP-06-0245", "AIP-06-0246", "AIP-06-0247", "AIP-06-0248", "AIP-06-0249" ], "corroboratingUrls": [], "currentFactRecheckRequired": true, "humanReviewed": false, "id": "disinformation-swarms-s11", "independentlyReverified": false, "limitations": [ "This selected reference has not received an independent source-scope review in this release." ], "originalUrl": "https://therecord.media/doppelganger-influence-operation-new-activity", "publicationDate": null, "publicationDateStatus": "unresolved", "publisherOrVenue": "therecord.media", "reportNumber": 11, "resolutionStatus": "metadata-inherited-resolution-pending", "resolvedUrl": "https://therecord.media/doppelganger-influence-operation-new-activity", "retrievalStatus": "not-independently-retrieved", "reviewerState": "pending", "sourceType": "secondary-or-technical", "stableIdentifier": { "type": "url", "value": "https://therecord.media/doppelganger-influence-operation-new-activity" }, "supports": [] }, "sourceType": "secondary-or-technical", "title": "Russia-linked 'Doppelgänger' social media operation rolls on, report says", "url": "https://therecord.media/doppelganger-influence-operation-new-activity" }, { "id": "disinformation-swarms-s12", "independentlyReverified": false, "inheritedFromReport": true, "reportNumber": 12, "resolution": { "authorityTier": "secondary-or-technical", "canonicalTitle": "Russia-Linked CopyCop Expands to Cover US Elections, Target Political Leaders", "categorySlugs": [ "disinformation-swarms" ], "claimIds": [ "AIP-06-0209", "AIP-06-0210", "AIP-06-0211", "AIP-06-0212", "AIP-06-0213", "AIP-06-0214", "AIP-06-0215", "AIP-06-0216", "AIP-06-0217", "AIP-06-0218", "AIP-06-0219", "AIP-06-0220", "AIP-06-0221", "AIP-06-0222", "AIP-06-0223", "AIP-06-0224", "AIP-06-0225", "AIP-06-0226", "AIP-06-0227", "AIP-06-0230", "AIP-06-0231", "AIP-06-0232", "AIP-06-0233", "AIP-06-0234", "AIP-06-0235", "AIP-06-0236", "AIP-06-0237", "AIP-06-0238", "AIP-06-0239", "AIP-06-0240", "AIP-06-0241", "AIP-06-0242", "AIP-06-0243", "AIP-06-0244", "AIP-06-0245", "AIP-06-0246", "AIP-06-0247", "AIP-06-0248", "AIP-06-0249" ], "corroboratingUrls": [], "currentFactRecheckRequired": true, "humanReviewed": false, "id": "disinformation-swarms-s12", "independentlyReverified": false, "limitations": [ "This selected reference has not received an independent source-scope review in this release." ], "originalUrl": "https://www.recordedfuture.com/research/copycop-expands-to-cover-us-elections-target-political-leaders", "publicationDate": null, "publicationDateStatus": "unresolved", "publisherOrVenue": "Recorded Future", "reportNumber": 12, "resolutionStatus": "metadata-inherited-resolution-pending", "resolvedUrl": "https://www.recordedfuture.com/research/copycop-expands-to-cover-us-elections-target-political-leaders", "retrievalStatus": "not-independently-retrieved", "reviewerState": "pending", "sourceType": "secondary-or-technical", "stableIdentifier": { "type": "url", "value": "https://www.recordedfuture.com/research/copycop-expands-to-cover-us-elections-target-political-leaders" }, "supports": [] }, "sourceType": "secondary-or-technical", "title": "Russia-Linked CopyCop Expands to Cover US Elections, Target Political Leaders", "url": "https://www.recordedfuture.com/research/copycop-expands-to-cover-us-elections-target-political-leaders" }, { "id": "disinformation-swarms-s14", "independentlyReverified": true, "inheritedFromReport": true, "reportNumber": 14, "resolution": { "authorityTier": "technical-threat-research", "canonicalTitle": "Russia-Linked CopyCop Uses LLMs to Weaponize Influence Content at Scale - Recorded Future", "categorySlugs": [ "disinformation-swarms" ], "claimIds": [ "AIP-06-0209", "AIP-06-0210", "AIP-06-0211", "AIP-06-0212", "AIP-06-0213", "AIP-06-0214", "AIP-06-0215", "AIP-06-0216", "AIP-06-0217", "AIP-06-0218", "AIP-06-0219", "AIP-06-0220", "AIP-06-0221", "AIP-06-0222", "AIP-06-0223", "AIP-06-0224", "AIP-06-0225", "AIP-06-0226", "AIP-06-0227", "AIP-06-0228", "AIP-06-0230", "AIP-06-0231", "AIP-06-0232", "AIP-06-0233", "AIP-06-0234", "AIP-06-0235", "AIP-06-0236", "AIP-06-0237", "AIP-06-0238", "AIP-06-0239", "AIP-06-0240", "AIP-06-0241", "AIP-06-0242", "AIP-06-0243", "AIP-06-0244", "AIP-06-0245", "AIP-06-0246", "AIP-06-0247", "AIP-06-0248", "AIP-06-0249" ], "corroboratingUrls": [], "currentFactRecheckRequired": true, "humanReviewed": false, "id": "disinformation-swarms-s14", "independentlyReverified": true, "limitations": [ "Attribution and infrastructure observations do not independently prove persuasive effect.", "The report captures a time-bounded view of an evolving operation." ], "originalUrl": "https://assets.recordedfuture.com/insikt-report-pdfs/2024/cta-2024-0509.pdf", "publicationDate": null, "publicationDateStatus": "unresolved", "publisherOrVenue": "Recorded Future", "reportNumber": 14, "resolutionStatus": "independently-checked", "resolvedUrl": "https://assets.recordedfuture.com/insikt-report-pdfs/2024/cta-2024-0509.pdf", "retrievalStatus": "technical-threat-report-retrieved", "reviewerState": "pending", "sourceType": "secondary-or-technical", "stableIdentifier": { "type": "url", "value": "https://assets.recordedfuture.com/insikt-report-pdfs/2024/cta-2024-0509.pdf" }, "supports": [ "The report documents CopyCop infrastructure and observed use of language models to rewrite and scale influence content." ] }, "sourceType": "secondary-or-technical", "title": "Russia-Linked CopyCop Uses LLMs to Weaponize Influence Content at Scale - Recorded Future", "url": "https://assets.recordedfuture.com/insikt-report-pdfs/2024/cta-2024-0509.pdf", "verification": { "authorityTier": "technical-threat-research", "checkedAtUtc": "2026-07-27T18:45:00Z", "checkedBy": "automated-release-source-review", "corroboratingUrls": [], "humanReviewed": false, "limitations": [ "Attribution and infrastructure observations do not independently prove persuasive effect.", "The report captures a time-bounded view of an evolving operation." ], "resolvedUrl": "https://assets.recordedfuture.com/insikt-report-pdfs/2024/cta-2024-0509.pdf", "status": "selected-source-checked", "supports": [ "The report documents CopyCop infrastructure and observed use of language models to rewrite and scale influence content." ], "urlStatus": "technical-threat-report-retrieved" } }, { "id": "disinformation-swarms-s15", "independentlyReverified": false, "inheritedFromReport": true, "reportNumber": 15, "resolution": { "authorityTier": "secondary-or-technical", "canonicalTitle": "CopyCop Deepens Its Playbook with New Websites and Targets - Recorded Future", "categorySlugs": [ "disinformation-swarms" ], "claimIds": [ "AIP-06-0209", "AIP-06-0210", "AIP-06-0211", "AIP-06-0212", "AIP-06-0213", "AIP-06-0214", "AIP-06-0215", "AIP-06-0216", "AIP-06-0217", "AIP-06-0218", "AIP-06-0219", "AIP-06-0220", "AIP-06-0221", "AIP-06-0222", "AIP-06-0223", "AIP-06-0224", "AIP-06-0225", "AIP-06-0226", "AIP-06-0227", "AIP-06-0228", "AIP-06-0230", "AIP-06-0231", "AIP-06-0232", "AIP-06-0233", "AIP-06-0234", "AIP-06-0235", "AIP-06-0236", "AIP-06-0237", "AIP-06-0238", "AIP-06-0239", "AIP-06-0240", "AIP-06-0241", "AIP-06-0242", "AIP-06-0243", "AIP-06-0244", "AIP-06-0245", "AIP-06-0246", "AIP-06-0247", "AIP-06-0248", "AIP-06-0249" ], "corroboratingUrls": [], "currentFactRecheckRequired": true, "humanReviewed": false, "id": "disinformation-swarms-s15", "independentlyReverified": false, "limitations": [ "This selected reference has not received an independent source-scope review in this release." ], "originalUrl": "https://www.recordedfuture.com/research/copycop-deepens-its-playbook-with-new-websites-and-targets", "publicationDate": null, "publicationDateStatus": "unresolved", "publisherOrVenue": "Recorded Future", "reportNumber": 15, "resolutionStatus": "metadata-inherited-resolution-pending", "resolvedUrl": "https://www.recordedfuture.com/research/copycop-deepens-its-playbook-with-new-websites-and-targets", "retrievalStatus": "not-independently-retrieved", "reviewerState": "pending", "sourceType": "secondary-or-technical", "stableIdentifier": { "type": "url", "value": "https://www.recordedfuture.com/research/copycop-deepens-its-playbook-with-new-websites-and-targets" }, "supports": [] }, "sourceType": "secondary-or-technical", "title": "CopyCop Deepens Its Playbook with New Websites and Targets - Recorded Future", "url": "https://www.recordedfuture.com/research/copycop-deepens-its-playbook-with-new-websites-and-targets" }, { "id": "disinformation-swarms-s4", "independentlyReverified": true, "inheritedFromReport": true, "reportNumber": 4, "resolution": { "authorityTier": "peer-reviewed-research", "canonicalTitle": "Generative propaganda - Oxford Academic", "categorySlugs": [ "disinformation-swarms" ], "claimIds": [ "AIP-06-0209", "AIP-06-0210", "AIP-06-0211", "AIP-06-0212", "AIP-06-0213", "AIP-06-0214", "AIP-06-0215", "AIP-06-0216", "AIP-06-0217", "AIP-06-0218", "AIP-06-0219", "AIP-06-0220", "AIP-06-0221", "AIP-06-0222", "AIP-06-0223", "AIP-06-0224", "AIP-06-0225", "AIP-06-0226", "AIP-06-0227", "AIP-06-0230", "AIP-06-0231", "AIP-06-0232", "AIP-06-0233", "AIP-06-0234", "AIP-06-0235", "AIP-06-0236", "AIP-06-0237", "AIP-06-0238", "AIP-06-0239", "AIP-06-0240", "AIP-06-0241", "AIP-06-0242", "AIP-06-0243", "AIP-06-0244", "AIP-06-0245", "AIP-06-0246", "AIP-06-0247", "AIP-06-0248", "AIP-06-0249" ], "corroboratingUrls": [], "currentFactRecheckRequired": true, "humanReviewed": false, "id": "disinformation-swarms-s4", "independentlyReverified": true, "limitations": [ "The study does not establish that every high-volume network is an autonomous swarm.", "Credibility and survey persuasion measures do not establish durable behavior change." ], "originalUrl": "https://academic.oup.com/pnasnexus/article-pdf/4/4/pgaf083/62785143/pgaf083.pdf", "publicationDate": null, "publicationDateStatus": "unresolved", "publisherOrVenue": "Oxford Academic", "reportNumber": 4, "resolutionStatus": "independently-checked", "resolvedUrl": "https://academic.oup.com/pnasnexus/article/4/4/pgaf083/8106868", "retrievalStatus": "peer-reviewed-paper-retrieved", "reviewerState": "pending", "sourceType": "research", "stableIdentifier": { "type": "url", "value": "https://academic.oup.com/pnasnexus/article/4/4/pgaf083/8106868" }, "supports": [ "The study supports a bounded claim that a propaganda outlet's transition to generative rewriting increased production breadth while maintaining measured credibility in the study design." ] }, "sourceType": "research", "title": "Generative propaganda - Oxford Academic", "url": "https://academic.oup.com/pnasnexus/article-pdf/4/4/pgaf083/62785143/pgaf083.pdf", "verification": { "authorityTier": "peer-reviewed-research", "checkedAtUtc": "2026-07-27T18:45:00Z", "checkedBy": "automated-release-source-review", "corroboratingUrls": [], "humanReviewed": false, "limitations": [ "The study does not establish that every high-volume network is an autonomous swarm.", "Credibility and survey persuasion measures do not establish durable behavior change." ], "resolvedUrl": "https://academic.oup.com/pnasnexus/article/4/4/pgaf083/8106868", "status": "selected-source-checked", "supports": [ "The study supports a bounded claim that a propaganda outlet's transition to generative rewriting increased production breadth while maintaining measured credibility in the study design." ], "urlStatus": "peer-reviewed-paper-retrieved" } }, { "id": "disinformation-swarms-s6", "independentlyReverified": false, "inheritedFromReport": true, "reportNumber": 6, "resolution": { "authorityTier": "research-source", "canonicalTitle": "Coordinated Link Sharing Behavior as a Signal to Surface Sources of Problematic Information on Facebook | Request PDF - ResearchGate", "categorySlugs": [ "disinformation-swarms" ], "claimIds": [ "AIP-06-0209", "AIP-06-0210", "AIP-06-0211", "AIP-06-0212", "AIP-06-0213", "AIP-06-0214", "AIP-06-0215", "AIP-06-0216", "AIP-06-0217", "AIP-06-0218", "AIP-06-0219", "AIP-06-0220", "AIP-06-0221", "AIP-06-0222", "AIP-06-0223", "AIP-06-0224", "AIP-06-0225", "AIP-06-0226", "AIP-06-0227", "AIP-06-0230", "AIP-06-0231", "AIP-06-0232", "AIP-06-0233", "AIP-06-0234", "AIP-06-0235", "AIP-06-0236", "AIP-06-0237", "AIP-06-0238", "AIP-06-0239", "AIP-06-0240", "AIP-06-0241", "AIP-06-0242", "AIP-06-0243", "AIP-06-0244", "AIP-06-0245", "AIP-06-0246", "AIP-06-0247", "AIP-06-0248", "AIP-06-0249" ], "corroboratingUrls": [], "currentFactRecheckRequired": true, "humanReviewed": false, "id": "disinformation-swarms-s6", "independentlyReverified": false, "limitations": [ "This selected reference has not received an independent source-scope review in this release." ], "originalUrl": "https://www.researchgate.net/publication/342535909_Coordinated_Link_Sharing_Behavior_as_a_Signal_to_Surface_Sources_of_Problematic_Information_on_Facebook", "publicationDate": null, "publicationDateStatus": "unresolved", "publisherOrVenue": "researchgate.net", "reportNumber": 6, "resolutionStatus": "metadata-inherited-resolution-pending", "resolvedUrl": "https://www.researchgate.net/publication/342535909_Coordinated_Link_Sharing_Behavior_as_a_Signal_to_Surface_Sources_of_Problematic_Information_on_Facebook", "retrievalStatus": "not-independently-retrieved", "reviewerState": "pending", "sourceType": "research", "stableIdentifier": { "type": "url", "value": "https://www.researchgate.net/publication/342535909_Coordinated_Link_Sharing_Behavior_as_a_Signal_to_Surface_Sources_of_Problematic_Information_on_Facebook" }, "supports": [] }, "sourceType": "research", "title": "Coordinated Link Sharing Behavior as a Signal to Surface Sources of Problematic Information on Facebook | Request PDF - ResearchGate", "url": "https://www.researchgate.net/publication/342535909_Coordinated_Link_Sharing_Behavior_as_a_Signal_to_Surface_Sources_of_Problematic_Information_on_Facebook" }, { "id": "emotional-behavioral-manipulation-s1", "independentlyReverified": true, "inheritedFromReport": true, "reportNumber": 1, "resolution": { "authorityTier": "research-paper", "canonicalTitle": "Characterizing Manipulation from AI Systems - arXiv", "categorySlugs": [ "emotional-behavioral-manipulation" ], "claimIds": [ "AIP-08-0292", "AIP-08-0293", "AIP-08-0294", "AIP-08-0295", "AIP-08-0296", "AIP-08-0297", "AIP-08-0298", "AIP-08-0299", "AIP-08-0300", "AIP-08-0301", "AIP-08-0302", "AIP-08-0303", "AIP-08-0304", "AIP-08-0305", "AIP-08-0306", "AIP-08-0307", "AIP-08-0308", "AIP-08-0309", "AIP-08-0310", "AIP-08-0313", "AIP-08-0314", "AIP-08-0315", "AIP-08-0316", "AIP-08-0317", "AIP-08-0318", "AIP-08-0319", "AIP-08-0320", "AIP-08-0321", "AIP-08-0322", "AIP-08-0323", "AIP-08-0324", "AIP-08-0325", "AIP-08-0326", "AIP-08-0327", "AIP-08-0328", "AIP-08-0329", "AIP-08-0330", "AIP-08-0331", "AIP-08-0332", "AIP-08-0333" ], "corroboratingUrls": [], "currentFactRecheckRequired": true, "humanReviewed": false, "id": "emotional-behavioral-manipulation-s1", "independentlyReverified": true, "limitations": [ "The framework is conceptual and does not measure the prevalence of manipulation in deployed systems." ], "originalUrl": "https://arxiv.org/pdf/2303.09387", "publicationDate": null, "publicationDateStatus": "unresolved", "publisherOrVenue": "arXiv", "reportNumber": 1, "resolutionStatus": "independently-checked", "resolvedUrl": "https://arxiv.org/abs/2303.09387", "retrievalStatus": "research-paper-retrieved", "reviewerState": "pending", "sourceType": "research", "stableIdentifier": { "type": "arxiv", "value": "2303.09387" }, "supports": [ "The paper provides a conceptual framework for distinguishing manipulation from adjacent influence and supports the taxonomy's emphasis on concealment, vulnerability, adaptation, and asymmetric benefit." ] }, "sourceType": "research", "title": "Characterizing Manipulation from AI Systems - arXiv", "url": "https://arxiv.org/pdf/2303.09387", "verification": { "authorityTier": "research-paper", "checkedAtUtc": "2026-07-27T18:45:00Z", "checkedBy": "automated-release-source-review", "corroboratingUrls": [], "humanReviewed": false, "limitations": [ "The framework is conceptual and does not measure the prevalence of manipulation in deployed systems." ], "resolvedUrl": "https://arxiv.org/abs/2303.09387", "status": "selected-source-checked", "supports": [ "The paper provides a conceptual framework for distinguishing manipulation from adjacent influence and supports the taxonomy's emphasis on concealment, vulnerability, adaptation, and asymmetric benefit." ], "urlStatus": "research-paper-retrieved" } }, { "id": "emotional-behavioral-manipulation-s10", "independentlyReverified": false, "inheritedFromReport": true, "reportNumber": 10, "resolution": { "authorityTier": "secondary-or-technical", "canonicalTitle": "Illinois' Proposed Notice Rules for Complying with Workplace AI Anti-Discrimination Law", "categorySlugs": [ "emotional-behavioral-manipulation" ], "claimIds": [ "AIP-08-0292", "AIP-08-0293", "AIP-08-0294", "AIP-08-0295", "AIP-08-0296", "AIP-08-0297", "AIP-08-0298", "AIP-08-0299", "AIP-08-0300", "AIP-08-0301", "AIP-08-0302", "AIP-08-0303", "AIP-08-0304", "AIP-08-0305", "AIP-08-0306", "AIP-08-0307", "AIP-08-0308", "AIP-08-0309", "AIP-08-0310", "AIP-08-0313", "AIP-08-0314", "AIP-08-0315", "AIP-08-0316", "AIP-08-0317", "AIP-08-0318", "AIP-08-0319", "AIP-08-0320", "AIP-08-0321", "AIP-08-0322", "AIP-08-0323", "AIP-08-0324", "AIP-08-0325", "AIP-08-0326", "AIP-08-0327", "AIP-08-0328", "AIP-08-0329", "AIP-08-0330", "AIP-08-0331", "AIP-08-0332", "AIP-08-0333" ], "corroboratingUrls": [], "currentFactRecheckRequired": true, "humanReviewed": false, "id": "emotional-behavioral-manipulation-s10", "independentlyReverified": false, "limitations": [ "This selected reference has not received an independent source-scope review in this release." ], "originalUrl": "https://www.workforcebulletin.com/illinois-proposed-notice-rules-for-complying-with-workplace-ai-anti-discrimination-law", "publicationDate": null, "publicationDateStatus": "unresolved", "publisherOrVenue": "workforcebulletin.com", "reportNumber": 10, "resolutionStatus": "metadata-inherited-resolution-pending", "resolvedUrl": "https://www.workforcebulletin.com/illinois-proposed-notice-rules-for-complying-with-workplace-ai-anti-discrimination-law", "retrievalStatus": "not-independently-retrieved", "reviewerState": "pending", "sourceType": "secondary-or-technical", "stableIdentifier": { "type": "url", "value": "https://www.workforcebulletin.com/illinois-proposed-notice-rules-for-complying-with-workplace-ai-anti-discrimination-law" }, "supports": [] }, "sourceType": "secondary-or-technical", "title": "Illinois' Proposed Notice Rules for Complying with Workplace AI Anti-Discrimination Law", "url": "https://www.workforcebulletin.com/illinois-proposed-notice-rules-for-complying-with-workplace-ai-anti-discrimination-law" }, { "id": "emotional-behavioral-manipulation-s12", "independentlyReverified": false, "inheritedFromReport": true, "reportNumber": 12, "resolution": { "authorityTier": "secondary-or-technical", "canonicalTitle": "Emotional Expressions Reconsidered: Challenges to Inferring Emotion From Human Facial Movements - Interdisciplinary Affective Science Laboratory", "categorySlugs": [ "emotional-behavioral-manipulation" ], "claimIds": [ "AIP-08-0292", "AIP-08-0293", "AIP-08-0294", "AIP-08-0295", "AIP-08-0296", "AIP-08-0297", "AIP-08-0298", "AIP-08-0299", "AIP-08-0300", "AIP-08-0301", "AIP-08-0302", "AIP-08-0303", "AIP-08-0304", "AIP-08-0305", "AIP-08-0306", "AIP-08-0307", "AIP-08-0308", "AIP-08-0309", "AIP-08-0310", "AIP-08-0313", "AIP-08-0314", "AIP-08-0315", "AIP-08-0316", "AIP-08-0317", "AIP-08-0318", "AIP-08-0319", "AIP-08-0320", "AIP-08-0321", "AIP-08-0322", "AIP-08-0323", "AIP-08-0324", "AIP-08-0325", "AIP-08-0326", "AIP-08-0327", "AIP-08-0328", "AIP-08-0329", "AIP-08-0330", "AIP-08-0331", "AIP-08-0332", "AIP-08-0333" ], "corroboratingUrls": [], "currentFactRecheckRequired": true, "humanReviewed": false, "id": "emotional-behavioral-manipulation-s12", "independentlyReverified": false, "limitations": [ "This selected reference has not received an independent source-scope review in this release." ], "originalUrl": "https://affective-science.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/barrett-et-al-2019-emotional-expressions-reconsidered-challenges-to-inferring-emotion-from-human-facial-movements.pdf", "publicationDate": null, "publicationDateStatus": "unresolved", "publisherOrVenue": "affective-science.org", "reportNumber": 12, "resolutionStatus": "metadata-inherited-resolution-pending", "resolvedUrl": "https://affective-science.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/barrett-et-al-2019-emotional-expressions-reconsidered-challenges-to-inferring-emotion-from-human-facial-movements.pdf", "retrievalStatus": "not-independently-retrieved", "reviewerState": "pending", "sourceType": "secondary-or-technical", "stableIdentifier": { "type": "url", "value": "https://affective-science.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/barrett-et-al-2019-emotional-expressions-reconsidered-challenges-to-inferring-emotion-from-human-facial-movements.pdf" }, "supports": [] }, "sourceType": "secondary-or-technical", "title": "Emotional Expressions Reconsidered: Challenges to Inferring Emotion From Human Facial Movements - Interdisciplinary Affective Science Laboratory", "url": "https://affective-science.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/barrett-et-al-2019-emotional-expressions-reconsidered-challenges-to-inferring-emotion-from-human-facial-movements.pdf" }, { "id": "emotional-behavioral-manipulation-s15", "independentlyReverified": false, "inheritedFromReport": true, "reportNumber": 15, "resolution": { "authorityTier": "secondary-or-technical", "canonicalTitle": "Tech companies claim AI can recognise human emotions. But the science doesn't stack up", "categorySlugs": [ "emotional-behavioral-manipulation" ], "claimIds": [ "AIP-08-0292", "AIP-08-0293", "AIP-08-0294", "AIP-08-0295", "AIP-08-0296", "AIP-08-0297", "AIP-08-0298", "AIP-08-0299", "AIP-08-0300", "AIP-08-0301", "AIP-08-0302", "AIP-08-0303", "AIP-08-0304", "AIP-08-0305", "AIP-08-0306", "AIP-08-0307", "AIP-08-0308", "AIP-08-0309", "AIP-08-0310", "AIP-08-0312", "AIP-08-0313", "AIP-08-0314", "AIP-08-0315", "AIP-08-0316", "AIP-08-0317", "AIP-08-0318", "AIP-08-0319", "AIP-08-0320", "AIP-08-0321", "AIP-08-0322", "AIP-08-0323", "AIP-08-0324", "AIP-08-0325", "AIP-08-0326", "AIP-08-0327", "AIP-08-0328", "AIP-08-0329", "AIP-08-0330", "AIP-08-0331", "AIP-08-0332", "AIP-08-0333" ], "corroboratingUrls": [], "currentFactRecheckRequired": true, "humanReviewed": false, "id": "emotional-behavioral-manipulation-s15", "independentlyReverified": false, "limitations": [ "This selected reference has not received an independent source-scope review in this release." ], "originalUrl": "https://modernsciences.org/ai-emotion-recognition-claims-science-doesnt-stack-up-december-2024/", "publicationDate": null, "publicationDateStatus": "unresolved", "publisherOrVenue": "modernsciences.org", "reportNumber": 15, "resolutionStatus": "metadata-inherited-resolution-pending", "resolvedUrl": "https://modernsciences.org/ai-emotion-recognition-claims-science-doesnt-stack-up-december-2024/", "retrievalStatus": "not-independently-retrieved", "reviewerState": "pending", "sourceType": "secondary-or-technical", "stableIdentifier": { "type": "url", "value": "https://modernsciences.org/ai-emotion-recognition-claims-science-doesnt-stack-up-december-2024/" }, "supports": [] }, "sourceType": "secondary-or-technical", "title": "Tech companies claim AI can recognise human emotions. But the science doesn't stack up", "url": "https://modernsciences.org/ai-emotion-recognition-claims-science-doesnt-stack-up-december-2024/" }, { "id": "emotional-behavioral-manipulation-s16", "independentlyReverified": false, "inheritedFromReport": true, "reportNumber": 16, "resolution": { "authorityTier": "secondary-or-technical", "canonicalTitle": "Businesses Should Think Twice About Developing and Deploying Emotion Recognition", "categorySlugs": [ "emotional-behavioral-manipulation" ], "claimIds": [ "AIP-08-0292", "AIP-08-0293", "AIP-08-0294", "AIP-08-0295", "AIP-08-0296", "AIP-08-0297", "AIP-08-0298", "AIP-08-0299", "AIP-08-0300", "AIP-08-0301", "AIP-08-0302", "AIP-08-0303", "AIP-08-0304", "AIP-08-0305", "AIP-08-0306", "AIP-08-0307", "AIP-08-0308", "AIP-08-0309", "AIP-08-0310", "AIP-08-0312", "AIP-08-0313", "AIP-08-0314", "AIP-08-0315", "AIP-08-0316", "AIP-08-0317", "AIP-08-0318", "AIP-08-0319", "AIP-08-0320", "AIP-08-0321", "AIP-08-0322", "AIP-08-0323", "AIP-08-0324", "AIP-08-0325", "AIP-08-0326", "AIP-08-0327", "AIP-08-0328", "AIP-08-0329", "AIP-08-0330", "AIP-08-0331", "AIP-08-0332", "AIP-08-0333" ], "corroboratingUrls": [], "currentFactRecheckRequired": true, "humanReviewed": false, "id": "emotional-behavioral-manipulation-s16", "independentlyReverified": false, "limitations": [ "This selected reference has not received an independent source-scope review in this release." ], "originalUrl": "https://articleoneadvisors.com/emotion-recognition/", "publicationDate": null, "publicationDateStatus": "unresolved", "publisherOrVenue": "articleoneadvisors.com", "reportNumber": 16, "resolutionStatus": "metadata-inherited-resolution-pending", "resolvedUrl": "https://articleoneadvisors.com/emotion-recognition/", "retrievalStatus": "not-independently-retrieved", "reviewerState": "pending", "sourceType": "secondary-or-technical", "stableIdentifier": { "type": "url", "value": "https://articleoneadvisors.com/emotion-recognition/" }, "supports": [] }, "sourceType": "secondary-or-technical", "title": "Businesses Should Think Twice About Developing and Deploying Emotion Recognition", "url": "https://articleoneadvisors.com/emotion-recognition/" }, { "id": "emotional-behavioral-manipulation-s28", "independentlyReverified": true, "inheritedFromReport": true, "reportNumber": 28, "resolution": { "authorityTier": "peer-reviewed-research-with-editorial-context", "canonicalTitle": "Experimental evidence of massive-scale emotional contagion through social networks", "categorySlugs": [ "emotional-behavioral-manipulation" ], "claimIds": [ "AIP-08-0292", "AIP-08-0293", "AIP-08-0294", "AIP-08-0295", "AIP-08-0296", "AIP-08-0297", "AIP-08-0298", "AIP-08-0299", "AIP-08-0300", "AIP-08-0301", "AIP-08-0302", "AIP-08-0303", "AIP-08-0304", "AIP-08-0305", "AIP-08-0306", "AIP-08-0307", "AIP-08-0308", "AIP-08-0309", "AIP-08-0310", "AIP-08-0311", "AIP-08-0313", "AIP-08-0314", "AIP-08-0315", "AIP-08-0316", "AIP-08-0317", "AIP-08-0318", "AIP-08-0319", "AIP-08-0320", "AIP-08-0321", "AIP-08-0322", "AIP-08-0323", "AIP-08-0324", "AIP-08-0325", "AIP-08-0326", "AIP-08-0327", "AIP-08-0328", "AIP-08-0329", "AIP-08-0330", "AIP-08-0331", "AIP-08-0332", "AIP-08-0333" ], "corroboratingUrls": [ "https://www.pnas.org/doi/10.1073/pnas.1412469111", "https://www.pnas.org/doi/10.1073/pnas.1412583111" ], "currentFactRecheckRequired": true, "humanReviewed": false, "id": "emotional-behavioral-manipulation-s28", "independentlyReverified": true, "limitations": [ "The study has a published Editorial Expression of Concern and correction context that must accompany claims about consent and research ethics.", "The measured effect concerns expression on the platform and should not be generalized into durable emotional control." ], "originalUrl": "https://www.pnas.org/doi/10.1073/pnas.1320040111", "publicationDate": null, "publicationDateStatus": "unresolved", "publisherOrVenue": "Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences", "reportNumber": 28, "resolutionStatus": "independently-checked", "resolvedUrl": "https://www.pnas.org/doi/10.1073/pnas.1320040111", "retrievalStatus": "peer-reviewed-study-and-editorial-record-retrieved", "reviewerState": "pending", "sourceType": "research", "stableIdentifier": { "type": "doi", "value": "10.1073/pnas.1320040111" }, "supports": [ "The experiment supports a bounded claim that altering positive or negative content exposure was associated with small changes in users' subsequent emotional expression." ] }, "sourceType": "research", "title": "Experimental evidence of massive-scale emotional contagion through social networks", "url": "https://www.pnas.org/doi/10.1073/pnas.1320040111", "verification": { "authorityTier": "peer-reviewed-research-with-editorial-context", "checkedAtUtc": "2026-07-27T18:45:00Z", "checkedBy": "automated-release-source-review", "corroboratingUrls": [ "https://www.pnas.org/doi/10.1073/pnas.1412469111", "https://www.pnas.org/doi/10.1073/pnas.1412583111" ], "humanReviewed": false, "limitations": [ "The study has a published Editorial Expression of Concern and correction context that must accompany claims about consent and research ethics.", "The measured effect concerns expression on the platform and should not be generalized into durable emotional control." ], "resolvedUrl": "https://www.pnas.org/doi/10.1073/pnas.1320040111", "status": "selected-source-checked-with-correction-context", "supports": [ "The experiment supports a bounded claim that altering positive or negative content exposure was associated with small changes in users' subsequent emotional expression." ], "urlStatus": "peer-reviewed-study-and-editorial-record-retrieved" } }, { "id": "emotional-behavioral-manipulation-s44", "independentlyReverified": false, "inheritedFromReport": true, "reportNumber": 44, "resolution": { "authorityTier": "research-source", "canonicalTitle": "(PDF) “Replika Removing Erotic Role-Play Is Like Grand Theft Auto Removing Guns or Cars”: Reddit Discourse on Artificial Intelligence Chatbots and Sexual Technologies - ResearchGate", "categorySlugs": [ "emotional-behavioral-manipulation" ], "claimIds": [ "AIP-08-0292", "AIP-08-0293", "AIP-08-0294", "AIP-08-0295", "AIP-08-0296", "AIP-08-0297", "AIP-08-0298", "AIP-08-0299", "AIP-08-0300", "AIP-08-0301", "AIP-08-0302", "AIP-08-0303", "AIP-08-0304", "AIP-08-0305", "AIP-08-0306", "AIP-08-0307", "AIP-08-0308", "AIP-08-0309", "AIP-08-0310", "AIP-08-0313", "AIP-08-0314", "AIP-08-0315", "AIP-08-0316", "AIP-08-0317", "AIP-08-0318", "AIP-08-0319", "AIP-08-0320", "AIP-08-0321", "AIP-08-0322", "AIP-08-0323", "AIP-08-0324", "AIP-08-0325", "AIP-08-0326", "AIP-08-0327", "AIP-08-0328", "AIP-08-0329", "AIP-08-0330", "AIP-08-0331", "AIP-08-0332", "AIP-08-0333" ], "corroboratingUrls": [], "currentFactRecheckRequired": true, "humanReviewed": false, "id": "emotional-behavioral-manipulation-s44", "independentlyReverified": false, "limitations": [ "This selected reference has not received an independent source-scope review in this release." ], "originalUrl": "https://www.researchgate.net/publication/381531517_Replika_Removing_Erotic_Role-Play_Is_Like_Grand_Theft_Auto_Removing_Guns_or_Cars_Reddit_Discourse_on_Artificial_Intelligence_Chatbots_and_Sexual_Technologies", "publicationDate": null, "publicationDateStatus": "unresolved", "publisherOrVenue": "researchgate.net", "reportNumber": 44, "resolutionStatus": "metadata-inherited-resolution-pending", "resolvedUrl": "https://www.researchgate.net/publication/381531517_Replika_Removing_Erotic_Role-Play_Is_Like_Grand_Theft_Auto_Removing_Guns_or_Cars_Reddit_Discourse_on_Artificial_Intelligence_Chatbots_and_Sexual_Technologies", "retrievalStatus": "not-independently-retrieved", "reviewerState": "pending", "sourceType": "research", "stableIdentifier": { "type": "url", "value": "https://www.researchgate.net/publication/381531517_Replika_Removing_Erotic_Role-Play_Is_Like_Grand_Theft_Auto_Removing_Guns_or_Cars_Reddit_Discourse_on_Artificial_Intelligence_Chatbots_and_Sexual_Technologies" }, "supports": [] }, "sourceType": "research", "title": "(PDF) “Replika Removing Erotic Role-Play Is Like Grand Theft Auto Removing Guns or Cars”: Reddit Discourse on Artificial Intelligence Chatbots and Sexual Technologies - ResearchGate", "url": "https://www.researchgate.net/publication/381531517_Replika_Removing_Erotic_Role-Play_Is_Like_Grand_Theft_Auto_Removing_Guns_or_Cars_Reddit_Discourse_on_Artificial_Intelligence_Chatbots_and_Sexual_Technologies" }, { "id": "emotional-behavioral-manipulation-s51", "independentlyReverified": false, "inheritedFromReport": true, "reportNumber": 51, "resolution": { "authorityTier": "secondary-or-technical", "canonicalTitle": "Does HireVue Detect Cheating? Tabs, Eye Tracking & AI (2026) - AceRound Blog", "categorySlugs": [ "emotional-behavioral-manipulation" ], "claimIds": [ "AIP-08-0292", "AIP-08-0293", "AIP-08-0294", "AIP-08-0295", "AIP-08-0296", "AIP-08-0297", "AIP-08-0298", "AIP-08-0299", "AIP-08-0300", "AIP-08-0301", "AIP-08-0302", "AIP-08-0303", "AIP-08-0304", "AIP-08-0305", "AIP-08-0306", "AIP-08-0307", "AIP-08-0308", "AIP-08-0309", "AIP-08-0310", "AIP-08-0313", "AIP-08-0314", "AIP-08-0315", "AIP-08-0316", "AIP-08-0317", "AIP-08-0318", "AIP-08-0319", "AIP-08-0320", "AIP-08-0321", "AIP-08-0322", "AIP-08-0323", "AIP-08-0324", "AIP-08-0325", "AIP-08-0326", "AIP-08-0327", "AIP-08-0328", "AIP-08-0329", "AIP-08-0330", "AIP-08-0331", "AIP-08-0332", "AIP-08-0333" ], "corroboratingUrls": [], "currentFactRecheckRequired": true, "humanReviewed": false, "id": "emotional-behavioral-manipulation-s51", "independentlyReverified": false, "limitations": [ "This selected reference has not received an independent source-scope review in this release." ], "originalUrl": "https://www.aceround.app/blog/does-hirevue-detect-cheating/", "publicationDate": null, "publicationDateStatus": "unresolved", "publisherOrVenue": "aceround.app", "reportNumber": 51, "resolutionStatus": "metadata-inherited-resolution-pending", "resolvedUrl": "https://www.aceround.app/blog/does-hirevue-detect-cheating/", "retrievalStatus": "not-independently-retrieved", "reviewerState": "pending", "sourceType": "secondary-or-technical", "stableIdentifier": { "type": "url", "value": "https://www.aceround.app/blog/does-hirevue-detect-cheating/" }, "supports": [] }, "sourceType": "secondary-or-technical", "title": "Does HireVue Detect Cheating? Tabs, Eye Tracking & AI (2026) - AceRound Blog", "url": "https://www.aceround.app/blog/does-hirevue-detect-cheating/" }, { "id": "personalized-influence-s1", "independentlyReverified": false, "inheritedFromReport": true, "reportNumber": 1, "resolution": { "authorityTier": "research-source", "canonicalTitle": "The (In)Effectiveness of Psychological Targeting: A Meta‐Analytic Review - ResearchGate", "categorySlugs": [ "personalized-influence" ], "claimIds": [ "AIP-03-0083", "AIP-03-0084", "AIP-03-0085", "AIP-03-0086", "AIP-03-0087", "AIP-03-0088", "AIP-03-0089", "AIP-03-0090", "AIP-03-0091", "AIP-03-0092", "AIP-03-0093", "AIP-03-0094", "AIP-03-0095", "AIP-03-0096", "AIP-03-0097", "AIP-03-0098", "AIP-03-0099", "AIP-03-0100", "AIP-03-0101", "AIP-03-0104", "AIP-03-0105", "AIP-03-0106", "AIP-03-0107", "AIP-03-0108", "AIP-03-0109", "AIP-03-0110", "AIP-03-0111", "AIP-03-0112", "AIP-03-0113", "AIP-03-0114", "AIP-03-0115", "AIP-03-0116", "AIP-03-0117", "AIP-03-0118", "AIP-03-0119", "AIP-03-0120", "AIP-03-0121", "AIP-03-0122", "AIP-03-0123", "AIP-03-0124" ], "corroboratingUrls": [], "currentFactRecheckRequired": true, "humanReviewed": false, "id": "personalized-influence-s1", "independentlyReverified": false, "limitations": [ "This selected reference has not received an independent source-scope review in this release." ], "originalUrl": "https://www.researchgate.net/publication/396984605_The_InEffectiveness_of_Psychological_Targeting_A_Meta-Analytic_Review", "publicationDate": null, "publicationDateStatus": "unresolved", "publisherOrVenue": "researchgate.net", "reportNumber": 1, "resolutionStatus": "metadata-inherited-resolution-pending", "resolvedUrl": "https://www.researchgate.net/publication/396984605_The_InEffectiveness_of_Psychological_Targeting_A_Meta-Analytic_Review", "retrievalStatus": "not-independently-retrieved", "reviewerState": "pending", "sourceType": "research", "stableIdentifier": { "type": "url", "value": "https://www.researchgate.net/publication/396984605_The_InEffectiveness_of_Psychological_Targeting_A_Meta-Analytic_Review" }, "supports": [] }, "sourceType": "research", "title": "The (In)Effectiveness of Psychological Targeting: A Meta‐Analytic Review - ResearchGate", "url": "https://www.researchgate.net/publication/396984605_The_InEffectiveness_of_Psychological_Targeting_A_Meta-Analytic_Review" }, { "id": "personalized-influence-s12", "independentlyReverified": true, "inheritedFromReport": true, "reportNumber": 12, "resolution": { "authorityTier": "official-or-institutional-source", "canonicalTitle": "FTC v Kochava, Inc. | Federal Trade Commission", "categorySlugs": [ "personalized-influence" ], "claimIds": [ "AIP-03-0083", "AIP-03-0084", "AIP-03-0085", "AIP-03-0086", "AIP-03-0087", "AIP-03-0088", "AIP-03-0089", "AIP-03-0090", "AIP-03-0091", "AIP-03-0092", "AIP-03-0093", "AIP-03-0094", "AIP-03-0095", "AIP-03-0096", "AIP-03-0097", "AIP-03-0098", "AIP-03-0099", "AIP-03-0100", "AIP-03-0101", "AIP-03-0104", "AIP-03-0105", "AIP-03-0106", "AIP-03-0107", "AIP-03-0108", "AIP-03-0109", "AIP-03-0110", "AIP-03-0111", "AIP-03-0112", "AIP-03-0113", "AIP-03-0114", "AIP-03-0115", "AIP-03-0116", "AIP-03-0117", "AIP-03-0118", "AIP-03-0119", "AIP-03-0120", "AIP-03-0121", "AIP-03-0122", "AIP-03-0123", "AIP-03-0124" ], "corroboratingUrls": [ "https://www.ftc.gov/legal-library/browse/cases-proceedings/ftc-v-kochava-inc-timeline-item-2022-08-29" ], "currentFactRecheckRequired": true, "humanReviewed": false, "id": "personalized-influence-s12", "independentlyReverified": true, "limitations": [ "Legal status and remedy details are time-sensitive and jurisdiction-specific.", "The page should be rechecked before presenting the matter as finally closed." ], "originalUrl": "https://www.ftc.gov/legal-library/browse/cases-proceedings/ftc-v-kochava-inc", "publicationDate": null, "publicationDateStatus": "unresolved", "publisherOrVenue": "U.S. Federal Trade Commission", "reportNumber": 12, "resolutionStatus": "independently-checked", "resolvedUrl": "https://www.ftc.gov/legal-library/browse/cases-proceedings/ftc-v-kochava-inc", "retrievalStatus": "reachable-current-case-page", "reviewerState": "pending", "sourceType": "official-or-institutional", "stableIdentifier": { "type": "url", "value": "https://www.ftc.gov/legal-library/browse/cases-proceedings/ftc-v-kochava-inc" }, "supports": [ "The FTC case page documents allegations and a 2026 stipulated-order timeline concerning sensitive location data and consumer consent." ] }, "sourceType": "official-or-institutional", "title": "FTC v Kochava, Inc. | Federal Trade Commission", "url": "https://www.ftc.gov/legal-library/browse/cases-proceedings/ftc-v-kochava-inc", "verification": { "authorityTier": "official-or-institutional-source", "checkedAtUtc": "2026-07-27T16:22:30Z", "checkedBy": "automated-release-review", "corroboratingUrls": [ "https://www.ftc.gov/legal-library/browse/cases-proceedings/ftc-v-kochava-inc-timeline-item-2022-08-29" ], "humanReviewed": false, "limitations": [ "Legal status and remedy details are time-sensitive and jurisdiction-specific.", "The page should be rechecked before presenting the matter as finally closed." ], "resolvedUrl": "https://www.ftc.gov/legal-library/browse/cases-proceedings/ftc-v-kochava-inc", "status": "selected-source-checked", "supports": [ "The FTC case page documents allegations and a 2026 stipulated-order timeline concerning sensitive location data and consumer consent." ], "urlStatus": "reachable-current-case-page" } }, { "id": "personalized-influence-s3", "independentlyReverified": false, "inheritedFromReport": true, "reportNumber": 3, "resolution": { "authorityTier": "secondary-or-technical", "canonicalTitle": "Does political microtargeting with large language models offer persuasive returns? ask Kobi Hackenburg and Professor Helen Margetts. - Oxford Internet Institute", "categorySlugs": [ "personalized-influence" ], "claimIds": [ "AIP-03-0083", "AIP-03-0084", "AIP-03-0085", "AIP-03-0086", "AIP-03-0087", "AIP-03-0088", "AIP-03-0089", "AIP-03-0090", "AIP-03-0091", "AIP-03-0092", "AIP-03-0093", "AIP-03-0094", "AIP-03-0095", "AIP-03-0096", "AIP-03-0097", "AIP-03-0098", "AIP-03-0099", "AIP-03-0100", "AIP-03-0101", "AIP-03-0103", "AIP-03-0104", "AIP-03-0105", "AIP-03-0106", "AIP-03-0107", "AIP-03-0108", "AIP-03-0109", "AIP-03-0110", "AIP-03-0111", "AIP-03-0112", "AIP-03-0113", "AIP-03-0114", "AIP-03-0115", "AIP-03-0116", "AIP-03-0117", "AIP-03-0118", "AIP-03-0119", "AIP-03-0120", "AIP-03-0121", "AIP-03-0122", "AIP-03-0123", "AIP-03-0124" ], "corroboratingUrls": [], "currentFactRecheckRequired": true, "humanReviewed": false, "id": "personalized-influence-s3", "independentlyReverified": false, "limitations": [ "This selected reference has not received an independent source-scope review in this release." ], "originalUrl": "https://www.oii.ox.ac.uk/does-political-microtargeting-with-large-language-models-offer-persuasive-returns-ask-kobi-hackenburg-and-professor-helen-margetts/", "publicationDate": null, "publicationDateStatus": "unresolved", "publisherOrVenue": "oii.ox.ac.uk", "reportNumber": 3, "resolutionStatus": "metadata-inherited-resolution-pending", "resolvedUrl": "https://www.oii.ox.ac.uk/does-political-microtargeting-with-large-language-models-offer-persuasive-returns-ask-kobi-hackenburg-and-professor-helen-margetts/", "retrievalStatus": "not-independently-retrieved", "reviewerState": "pending", "sourceType": "secondary-or-technical", "stableIdentifier": { "type": "url", "value": "https://www.oii.ox.ac.uk/does-political-microtargeting-with-large-language-models-offer-persuasive-returns-ask-kobi-hackenburg-and-professor-helen-margetts/" }, "supports": [] }, "sourceType": "secondary-or-technical", "title": "Does political microtargeting with large language models offer persuasive returns? ask Kobi Hackenburg and Professor Helen Margetts. - Oxford Internet Institute", "url": "https://www.oii.ox.ac.uk/does-political-microtargeting-with-large-language-models-offer-persuasive-returns-ask-kobi-hackenburg-and-professor-helen-margetts/" }, { "id": "personalized-influence-s32", "independentlyReverified": false, "inheritedFromReport": true, "reportNumber": 32, "resolution": { "authorityTier": "secondary-or-technical", "canonicalTitle": "Vincent John Green & Mark Newman -v- Cambridge Analytica (UK) Limited & others - Courts and Tribunals Judiciary", "categorySlugs": [ "personalized-influence" ], "claimIds": [ "AIP-03-0083", "AIP-03-0084", "AIP-03-0085", "AIP-03-0086", "AIP-03-0087", "AIP-03-0088", "AIP-03-0089", "AIP-03-0090", "AIP-03-0091", "AIP-03-0092", "AIP-03-0093", "AIP-03-0094", "AIP-03-0095", "AIP-03-0096", "AIP-03-0097", "AIP-03-0098", "AIP-03-0099", "AIP-03-0100", "AIP-03-0101", "AIP-03-0102", "AIP-03-0104", "AIP-03-0105", "AIP-03-0106", "AIP-03-0107", "AIP-03-0108", "AIP-03-0109", "AIP-03-0110", "AIP-03-0111", "AIP-03-0112", "AIP-03-0113", "AIP-03-0114", "AIP-03-0115", "AIP-03-0116", "AIP-03-0117", "AIP-03-0118", "AIP-03-0119", "AIP-03-0120", "AIP-03-0121", "AIP-03-0122", "AIP-03-0123", "AIP-03-0124" ], "corroboratingUrls": [], "currentFactRecheckRequired": true, "humanReviewed": false, "id": "personalized-influence-s32", "independentlyReverified": false, "limitations": [ "This selected reference has not received an independent source-scope review in this release." ], "originalUrl": "https://www.judiciary.uk/wp-content/uploads/2019/04/17.04.19-cambridge-judgment.pdf", "publicationDate": null, "publicationDateStatus": "unresolved", "publisherOrVenue": "judiciary.uk", "reportNumber": 32, "resolutionStatus": "metadata-inherited-resolution-pending", "resolvedUrl": "https://www.judiciary.uk/wp-content/uploads/2019/04/17.04.19-cambridge-judgment.pdf", "retrievalStatus": "not-independently-retrieved", "reviewerState": "pending", "sourceType": "secondary-or-technical", "stableIdentifier": { "type": "url", "value": "https://www.judiciary.uk/wp-content/uploads/2019/04/17.04.19-cambridge-judgment.pdf" }, "supports": [] }, "sourceType": "secondary-or-technical", "title": "Vincent John Green & Mark Newman -v- Cambridge Analytica (UK) Limited & others - Courts and Tribunals Judiciary", "url": "https://www.judiciary.uk/wp-content/uploads/2019/04/17.04.19-cambridge-judgment.pdf" }, { "id": "personalized-influence-s4", "independentlyReverified": false, "inheritedFromReport": true, "reportNumber": 4, "resolution": { "authorityTier": "secondary-or-technical", "canonicalTitle": "Experts Say 'Emotion Recognition' Lacks Scientific Foundation | ACLU", "categorySlugs": [ "personalized-influence" ], "claimIds": [ "AIP-03-0083", "AIP-03-0084", "AIP-03-0085", "AIP-03-0086", "AIP-03-0087", "AIP-03-0088", "AIP-03-0089", "AIP-03-0090", "AIP-03-0091", "AIP-03-0092", "AIP-03-0093", "AIP-03-0094", "AIP-03-0095", "AIP-03-0096", "AIP-03-0097", "AIP-03-0098", "AIP-03-0099", "AIP-03-0100", "AIP-03-0101", "AIP-03-0104", "AIP-03-0105", "AIP-03-0106", "AIP-03-0107", "AIP-03-0108", "AIP-03-0109", "AIP-03-0110", "AIP-03-0111", "AIP-03-0112", "AIP-03-0113", "AIP-03-0114", "AIP-03-0115", "AIP-03-0116", "AIP-03-0117", "AIP-03-0118", "AIP-03-0119", "AIP-03-0120", "AIP-03-0121", "AIP-03-0122", "AIP-03-0123", "AIP-03-0124" ], "corroboratingUrls": [], "currentFactRecheckRequired": true, "humanReviewed": false, "id": "personalized-influence-s4", "independentlyReverified": false, "limitations": [ "This selected reference has not received an independent source-scope review in this release." ], "originalUrl": "https://www.aclu.org/news/privacy-technology/experts-say-emotion-recognition-lacks-scientific", "publicationDate": null, "publicationDateStatus": "unresolved", "publisherOrVenue": "aclu.org", "reportNumber": 4, "resolutionStatus": "metadata-inherited-resolution-pending", "resolvedUrl": "https://www.aclu.org/news/privacy-technology/experts-say-emotion-recognition-lacks-scientific", "retrievalStatus": "not-independently-retrieved", "reviewerState": "pending", "sourceType": "secondary-or-technical", "stableIdentifier": { "type": "url", "value": "https://www.aclu.org/news/privacy-technology/experts-say-emotion-recognition-lacks-scientific" }, "supports": [] }, "sourceType": "secondary-or-technical", "title": "Experts Say 'Emotion Recognition' Lacks Scientific Foundation | ACLU", "url": "https://www.aclu.org/news/privacy-technology/experts-say-emotion-recognition-lacks-scientific" }, { "id": "personalized-influence-s46", "independentlyReverified": false, "inheritedFromReport": true, "reportNumber": 46, "resolution": { "authorityTier": "official-or-institutional", "canonicalTitle": "FTC Sues Kochava for Selling Data that Tracks People at Reproductive Health Clinics, Places of Worship, and Other Sensitive Locations", "categorySlugs": [ "personalized-influence" ], "claimIds": [ "AIP-03-0083", "AIP-03-0084", "AIP-03-0085", "AIP-03-0086", "AIP-03-0087", "AIP-03-0088", "AIP-03-0089", "AIP-03-0090", "AIP-03-0091", "AIP-03-0092", "AIP-03-0093", "AIP-03-0094", "AIP-03-0095", "AIP-03-0096", "AIP-03-0097", "AIP-03-0098", "AIP-03-0099", "AIP-03-0100", "AIP-03-0101", "AIP-03-0104", "AIP-03-0105", "AIP-03-0106", "AIP-03-0107", "AIP-03-0108", "AIP-03-0109", "AIP-03-0110", "AIP-03-0111", "AIP-03-0112", "AIP-03-0113", "AIP-03-0114", "AIP-03-0115", "AIP-03-0116", "AIP-03-0117", "AIP-03-0118", "AIP-03-0119", "AIP-03-0120", "AIP-03-0121", "AIP-03-0122", "AIP-03-0123", "AIP-03-0124" ], "corroboratingUrls": [], "currentFactRecheckRequired": true, "humanReviewed": false, "id": "personalized-influence-s46", "independentlyReverified": false, "limitations": [ "This selected reference has not received an independent source-scope review in this release." ], "originalUrl": "https://www.ftc.gov/news-events/news/press-releases/2022/08/ftc-sues-kochava-selling-data-tracks-people-reproductive-health-clinics-places-worship-other", "publicationDate": null, "publicationDateStatus": "unresolved", "publisherOrVenue": "U.S. Federal Trade Commission", "reportNumber": 46, "resolutionStatus": "metadata-inherited-resolution-pending", "resolvedUrl": "https://www.ftc.gov/news-events/news/press-releases/2022/08/ftc-sues-kochava-selling-data-tracks-people-reproductive-health-clinics-places-worship-other", "retrievalStatus": "not-independently-retrieved", "reviewerState": "pending", "sourceType": "official-or-institutional", "stableIdentifier": { "type": "url", "value": "https://www.ftc.gov/news-events/news/press-releases/2022/08/ftc-sues-kochava-selling-data-tracks-people-reproductive-health-clinics-places-worship-other" }, "supports": [] }, "sourceType": "official-or-institutional", "title": "FTC Sues Kochava for Selling Data that Tracks People at Reproductive Health Clinics, Places of Worship, and Other Sensitive Locations", "url": "https://www.ftc.gov/news-events/news/press-releases/2022/08/ftc-sues-kochava-selling-data-tracks-people-reproductive-health-clinics-places-worship-other" }, { "id": "personalized-influence-s5", "independentlyReverified": true, "inheritedFromReport": true, "reportNumber": 5, "resolution": { "authorityTier": "official-or-institutional-source", "canonicalTitle": "Emotional Expressions Reconsidered: Challenges to Inferring Emotion From Human Facial Movements - PubMed", "categorySlugs": [ "personalized-influence" ], "claimIds": [ "AIP-03-0083", "AIP-03-0084", "AIP-03-0085", "AIP-03-0086", "AIP-03-0087", "AIP-03-0088", "AIP-03-0089", "AIP-03-0090", "AIP-03-0091", "AIP-03-0092", "AIP-03-0093", "AIP-03-0094", "AIP-03-0095", "AIP-03-0096", "AIP-03-0097", "AIP-03-0098", "AIP-03-0099", "AIP-03-0100", "AIP-03-0101", "AIP-03-0104", "AIP-03-0105", "AIP-03-0106", "AIP-03-0107", "AIP-03-0108", "AIP-03-0109", "AIP-03-0110", "AIP-03-0111", "AIP-03-0112", "AIP-03-0113", "AIP-03-0114", "AIP-03-0115", "AIP-03-0116", "AIP-03-0117", "AIP-03-0118", "AIP-03-0119", "AIP-03-0120", "AIP-03-0121", "AIP-03-0122", "AIP-03-0123", "AIP-03-0124" ], "corroboratingUrls": [], "currentFactRecheckRequired": true, "humanReviewed": false, "id": "personalized-influence-s5", "independentlyReverified": true, "limitations": [ "The source addresses emotion inference science, not every form of affective computing or contextual behavioral analysis." ], "originalUrl": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31313636/", "publicationDate": null, "publicationDateStatus": "unresolved", "publisherOrVenue": "U.S. National Library of Medicine / PubMed", "reportNumber": 5, "resolutionStatus": "independently-checked", "resolvedUrl": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31313636/", "retrievalStatus": "reachable", "reviewerState": "pending", "sourceType": "official-or-institutional", "stableIdentifier": { "type": "url", "value": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31313636/" }, "supports": [ "The review challenges reliable inference of internal emotion from isolated facial movements." ] }, "sourceType": "official-or-institutional", "title": "Emotional Expressions Reconsidered: Challenges to Inferring Emotion From Human Facial Movements - PubMed", "url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31313636/", "verification": { "authorityTier": "official-or-institutional-source", "checkedAtUtc": "2026-07-27T16:22:30Z", "checkedBy": "automated-release-review", "corroboratingUrls": [], "humanReviewed": false, "limitations": [ "The source addresses emotion inference science, not every form of affective computing or contextual behavioral analysis." ], "resolvedUrl": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31313636/", "status": "selected-source-checked", "supports": [ "The review challenges reliable inference of internal emotion from isolated facial movements." ], "urlStatus": "reachable" } }, { "id": "personalized-influence-s6", "independentlyReverified": false, "inheritedFromReport": true, "reportNumber": 6, "resolution": { "authorityTier": "research-source", "canonicalTitle": "Cognitive freedom and legal accountability: Rethinking the EU AI act's theoretical approach to manipulative AI as unacceptable risk | Cambridge Forum on AI: Law and Governance", "categorySlugs": [ "personalized-influence" ], "claimIds": [ "AIP-03-0083", "AIP-03-0084", "AIP-03-0085", "AIP-03-0086", "AIP-03-0087", "AIP-03-0088", "AIP-03-0089", "AIP-03-0090", "AIP-03-0091", "AIP-03-0092", "AIP-03-0093", "AIP-03-0094", "AIP-03-0095", "AIP-03-0096", "AIP-03-0097", "AIP-03-0098", "AIP-03-0099", "AIP-03-0100", "AIP-03-0101", "AIP-03-0104", "AIP-03-0105", "AIP-03-0106", "AIP-03-0107", "AIP-03-0108", "AIP-03-0109", "AIP-03-0110", "AIP-03-0111", "AIP-03-0112", "AIP-03-0113", "AIP-03-0114", "AIP-03-0115", "AIP-03-0116", "AIP-03-0117", "AIP-03-0118", "AIP-03-0119", "AIP-03-0120", "AIP-03-0121", "AIP-03-0122", "AIP-03-0123", "AIP-03-0124" ], "corroboratingUrls": [], "currentFactRecheckRequired": true, "humanReviewed": false, "id": "personalized-influence-s6", "independentlyReverified": false, "limitations": [ "This selected reference has not received an independent source-scope review in this release." ], "originalUrl": "https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/cambridge-forum-on-ai-law-and-governance/article/cognitive-freedom-and-legal-accountability-rethinking-the-eu-ai-acts-theoretical-approach-to-manipulative-ai-as-unacceptable-risk/45F379C0707D7A415C042BB08088F88F", "publicationDate": null, "publicationDateStatus": "unresolved", "publisherOrVenue": "cambridge.org", "reportNumber": 6, "resolutionStatus": "metadata-inherited-resolution-pending", "resolvedUrl": "https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/cambridge-forum-on-ai-law-and-governance/article/cognitive-freedom-and-legal-accountability-rethinking-the-eu-ai-acts-theoretical-approach-to-manipulative-ai-as-unacceptable-risk/45F379C0707D7A415C042BB08088F88F", "retrievalStatus": "not-independently-retrieved", "reviewerState": "pending", "sourceType": "research", "stableIdentifier": { "type": "url", "value": "https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/cambridge-forum-on-ai-law-and-governance/article/cognitive-freedom-and-legal-accountability-rethinking-the-eu-ai-acts-theoretical-approach-to-manipulative-ai-as-unacceptable-risk/45F379C0707D7A415C042BB08088F88F" }, "supports": [] }, "sourceType": "research", "title": "Cognitive freedom and legal accountability: Rethinking the EU AI act's theoretical approach to manipulative AI as unacceptable risk | Cambridge Forum on AI: Law and Governance", "url": "https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/cambridge-forum-on-ai-law-and-governance/article/cognitive-freedom-and-legal-accountability-rethinking-the-eu-ai-acts-theoretical-approach-to-manipulative-ai-as-unacceptable-risk/45F379C0707D7A415C042BB08088F88F" }, { "id": "predictive-population-management-s1", "independentlyReverified": false, "inheritedFromReport": true, "reportNumber": 1, "resolution": { "authorityTier": "secondary-or-technical", "canonicalTitle": "Read \"Law Enforcement Use of Predictive Policing Approaches: Proceedings of a Workshop\" at NAP.edu", "categorySlugs": [ "predictive-population-management" ], "claimIds": [ "AIP-11-0418", "AIP-11-0419", "AIP-11-0420", "AIP-11-0421", "AIP-11-0422", "AIP-11-0423", "AIP-11-0424", "AIP-11-0425", "AIP-11-0426", "AIP-11-0427", "AIP-11-0428", "AIP-11-0429", "AIP-11-0430", "AIP-11-0431", "AIP-11-0432", "AIP-11-0433", "AIP-11-0434", "AIP-11-0435", "AIP-11-0436", "AIP-11-0439", "AIP-11-0440", "AIP-11-0441", "AIP-11-0442", "AIP-11-0443", "AIP-11-0444", "AIP-11-0445", "AIP-11-0446", "AIP-11-0447", "AIP-11-0448", "AIP-11-0449", "AIP-11-0450", "AIP-11-0451", "AIP-11-0452", "AIP-11-0453", "AIP-11-0454", "AIP-11-0455", "AIP-11-0456", "AIP-11-0457", "AIP-11-0458", "AIP-11-0459" ], "corroboratingUrls": [], "currentFactRecheckRequired": true, "humanReviewed": false, "id": "predictive-population-management-s1", "independentlyReverified": false, "limitations": [ "This selected reference has not received an independent source-scope review in this release." ], "originalUrl": "https://www.nationalacademies.org/read/28036/chapter/4", "publicationDate": null, "publicationDateStatus": "unresolved", "publisherOrVenue": "nationalacademies.org", "reportNumber": 1, "resolutionStatus": "metadata-inherited-resolution-pending", "resolvedUrl": "https://www.nationalacademies.org/read/28036/chapter/4", "retrievalStatus": "not-independently-retrieved", "reviewerState": "pending", "sourceType": "secondary-or-technical", "stableIdentifier": { "type": "url", "value": "https://www.nationalacademies.org/read/28036/chapter/4" }, "supports": [] }, "sourceType": "secondary-or-technical", "title": "Read \"Law Enforcement Use of Predictive Policing Approaches: Proceedings of a Workshop\" at NAP.edu", "url": "https://www.nationalacademies.org/read/28036/chapter/4" }, { "id": "predictive-population-management-s12", "independentlyReverified": false, "inheritedFromReport": true, "reportNumber": 12, "resolution": { "authorityTier": "research-source", "canonicalTitle": "A standardised differential privacy framework for epidemiological modeling with mobile phone data | PLOS Digital Health - Research journals", "categorySlugs": [ "predictive-population-management" ], "claimIds": [ "AIP-11-0418", "AIP-11-0419", "AIP-11-0420", "AIP-11-0421", "AIP-11-0422", "AIP-11-0423", "AIP-11-0424", "AIP-11-0425", "AIP-11-0426", "AIP-11-0427", "AIP-11-0428", "AIP-11-0429", "AIP-11-0430", "AIP-11-0431", "AIP-11-0432", "AIP-11-0433", "AIP-11-0434", "AIP-11-0435", "AIP-11-0436", "AIP-11-0439", "AIP-11-0440", "AIP-11-0441", "AIP-11-0442", "AIP-11-0443", "AIP-11-0444", "AIP-11-0445", "AIP-11-0446", "AIP-11-0447", "AIP-11-0448", "AIP-11-0449", "AIP-11-0450", "AIP-11-0451", "AIP-11-0452", "AIP-11-0453", "AIP-11-0454", "AIP-11-0455", "AIP-11-0456", "AIP-11-0457", "AIP-11-0458", "AIP-11-0459" ], "corroboratingUrls": [], "currentFactRecheckRequired": true, "humanReviewed": false, "id": "predictive-population-management-s12", "independentlyReverified": false, "limitations": [ "This selected reference has not received an independent source-scope review in this release." ], "originalUrl": "https://journals.plos.org/digitalhealth/article?id=10.1371/journal.pdig.0000233", "publicationDate": null, "publicationDateStatus": "unresolved", "publisherOrVenue": "journals.plos.org", "reportNumber": 12, "resolutionStatus": "metadata-inherited-resolution-pending", "resolvedUrl": "https://journals.plos.org/digitalhealth/article?id=10.1371/journal.pdig.0000233", "retrievalStatus": "not-independently-retrieved", "reviewerState": "pending", "sourceType": "research", "stableIdentifier": { "type": "url", "value": "https://journals.plos.org/digitalhealth/article?id=10.1371/journal.pdig.0000233" }, "supports": [] }, "sourceType": "research", "title": "A standardised differential privacy framework for epidemiological modeling with mobile phone data | PLOS Digital Health - Research journals", "url": "https://journals.plos.org/digitalhealth/article?id=10.1371/journal.pdig.0000233" }, { "id": "predictive-population-management-s15", "independentlyReverified": false, "inheritedFromReport": true, "reportNumber": 15, "resolution": { "authorityTier": "research-source", "canonicalTitle": "1 Project Jetson: Predicting Migration Patterns During the Somali Conflict Alina Holmstrom Introduction In 2011, UNHCR refugee c", "categorySlugs": [ "predictive-population-management" ], "claimIds": [ "AIP-11-0418", "AIP-11-0419", "AIP-11-0420", "AIP-11-0421", "AIP-11-0422", "AIP-11-0423", "AIP-11-0424", "AIP-11-0425", "AIP-11-0426", "AIP-11-0427", "AIP-11-0428", "AIP-11-0429", "AIP-11-0430", "AIP-11-0431", "AIP-11-0432", "AIP-11-0433", "AIP-11-0434", "AIP-11-0435", "AIP-11-0436", "AIP-11-0439", "AIP-11-0440", "AIP-11-0441", "AIP-11-0442", "AIP-11-0443", "AIP-11-0444", "AIP-11-0445", "AIP-11-0446", "AIP-11-0447", "AIP-11-0448", "AIP-11-0449", "AIP-11-0450", "AIP-11-0451", "AIP-11-0452", "AIP-11-0453", "AIP-11-0454", "AIP-11-0455", "AIP-11-0456", "AIP-11-0457", "AIP-11-0458", "AIP-11-0459" ], "corroboratingUrls": [], "currentFactRecheckRequired": true, "humanReviewed": false, "id": "predictive-population-management-s15", "independentlyReverified": false, "limitations": [ "This selected reference has not received an independent source-scope review in this release." ], "originalUrl": "https://aegai.nd.edu/assets/507344/alina_jetson_casestudy.pdf", "publicationDate": null, "publicationDateStatus": "unresolved", "publisherOrVenue": "aegai.nd.edu", "reportNumber": 15, "resolutionStatus": "metadata-inherited-resolution-pending", "resolvedUrl": "https://aegai.nd.edu/assets/507344/alina_jetson_casestudy.pdf", "retrievalStatus": "not-independently-retrieved", "reviewerState": "pending", "sourceType": "research", "stableIdentifier": { "type": "url", "value": "https://aegai.nd.edu/assets/507344/alina_jetson_casestudy.pdf" }, "supports": [] }, "sourceType": "research", "title": "1 Project Jetson: Predicting Migration Patterns During the Somali Conflict Alina Holmstrom Introduction In 2011, UNHCR refugee c", "url": "https://aegai.nd.edu/assets/507344/alina_jetson_casestudy.pdf" }, { "id": "predictive-population-management-s20", "independentlyReverified": false, "inheritedFromReport": true, "reportNumber": 20, "resolution": { "authorityTier": "research-source", "canonicalTitle": "ViEWS: A political violence early-warning system - ResearchGate", "categorySlugs": [ "predictive-population-management" ], "claimIds": [ "AIP-11-0418", "AIP-11-0419", "AIP-11-0420", "AIP-11-0421", "AIP-11-0422", "AIP-11-0423", "AIP-11-0424", "AIP-11-0425", "AIP-11-0426", "AIP-11-0427", "AIP-11-0428", "AIP-11-0429", "AIP-11-0430", "AIP-11-0431", "AIP-11-0432", "AIP-11-0433", "AIP-11-0434", "AIP-11-0435", "AIP-11-0436", "AIP-11-0437", "AIP-11-0439", "AIP-11-0440", "AIP-11-0441", "AIP-11-0442", "AIP-11-0443", "AIP-11-0444", "AIP-11-0445", "AIP-11-0446", "AIP-11-0447", "AIP-11-0448", "AIP-11-0449", "AIP-11-0450", "AIP-11-0451", "AIP-11-0452", "AIP-11-0453", "AIP-11-0454", "AIP-11-0455", "AIP-11-0456", "AIP-11-0457", "AIP-11-0458", "AIP-11-0459" ], "corroboratingUrls": [], "currentFactRecheckRequired": true, "humanReviewed": false, "id": "predictive-population-management-s20", "independentlyReverified": false, "limitations": [ "This selected reference has not received an independent source-scope review in this release." ], "originalUrl": "https://www.researchgate.net/publication/331132518_ViEWS_A_political_violence_early-warning_system", "publicationDate": null, "publicationDateStatus": "unresolved", "publisherOrVenue": "researchgate.net", "reportNumber": 20, "resolutionStatus": "metadata-inherited-resolution-pending", "resolvedUrl": "https://www.researchgate.net/publication/331132518_ViEWS_A_political_violence_early-warning_system", "retrievalStatus": "not-independently-retrieved", "reviewerState": "pending", "sourceType": "research", "stableIdentifier": { "type": "url", "value": "https://www.researchgate.net/publication/331132518_ViEWS_A_political_violence_early-warning_system" }, "supports": [] }, "sourceType": "research", "title": "ViEWS: A political violence early-warning system - ResearchGate", "url": "https://www.researchgate.net/publication/331132518_ViEWS_A_political_violence_early-warning_system" }, { "id": "predictive-population-management-s21", "independentlyReverified": true, "inheritedFromReport": true, "reportNumber": 21, "resolution": { "authorityTier": "official-oversight-report", "canonicalTitle": "CITY OF CHICAGO OFFICE OF INSPECTOR GENERAL ADVISORY CONCERNING THE CHICAGO POLICE DEPARTMENT'S PREDICTIVE RISK MODELS", "categorySlugs": [ "predictive-population-management" ], "claimIds": [ "AIP-11-0418", "AIP-11-0419", "AIP-11-0420", "AIP-11-0421", "AIP-11-0422", "AIP-11-0423", "AIP-11-0424", "AIP-11-0425", "AIP-11-0426", "AIP-11-0427", "AIP-11-0428", "AIP-11-0429", "AIP-11-0430", "AIP-11-0431", "AIP-11-0432", "AIP-11-0433", "AIP-11-0434", "AIP-11-0435", "AIP-11-0436", "AIP-11-0438", "AIP-11-0439", "AIP-11-0440", "AIP-11-0441", "AIP-11-0442", "AIP-11-0443", "AIP-11-0444", "AIP-11-0445", "AIP-11-0446", "AIP-11-0447", "AIP-11-0448", "AIP-11-0449", "AIP-11-0450", "AIP-11-0451", "AIP-11-0452", "AIP-11-0453", "AIP-11-0454", "AIP-11-0455", "AIP-11-0456", "AIP-11-0457", "AIP-11-0458", "AIP-11-0459" ], "corroboratingUrls": [], "currentFactRecheckRequired": true, "humanReviewed": false, "id": "predictive-population-management-s21", "independentlyReverified": true, "limitations": [ "The findings concern specific Chicago Police Department programs and should not be generalized to every predictive system." ], "originalUrl": "https://igchicago.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/01/OIG-Advisory-Concerning-CPDs-Predictive-Risk-Models-.pdf", "publicationDate": null, "publicationDateStatus": "unresolved", "publisherOrVenue": "City of Chicago Office of Inspector General", "reportNumber": 21, "resolutionStatus": "independently-checked", "resolvedUrl": "https://igchicago.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/01/OIG-Advisory-Concerning-CPDs-Predictive-Risk-Models-.pdf", "retrievalStatus": "official-oversight-report-retrieved", "reviewerState": "pending", "sourceType": "secondary-or-technical", "stableIdentifier": { "type": "url", "value": "https://igchicago.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/01/OIG-Advisory-Concerning-CPDs-Predictive-Risk-Models-.pdf" }, "supports": [ "The Chicago Inspector General advisory supports bounded claims about governance, validation, transparency, and operational concerns surrounding predictive risk models." ] }, "sourceType": "secondary-or-technical", "title": "CITY OF CHICAGO OFFICE OF INSPECTOR GENERAL ADVISORY CONCERNING THE CHICAGO POLICE DEPARTMENT'S PREDICTIVE RISK MODELS", "url": "https://igchicago.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/01/OIG-Advisory-Concerning-CPDs-Predictive-Risk-Models-.pdf", "verification": { "authorityTier": "official-oversight-report", "checkedAtUtc": "2026-07-27T18:45:00Z", "checkedBy": "automated-release-source-review", "corroboratingUrls": [], "humanReviewed": false, "limitations": [ "The findings concern specific Chicago Police Department programs and should not be generalized to every predictive system." ], "resolvedUrl": "https://igchicago.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/01/OIG-Advisory-Concerning-CPDs-Predictive-Risk-Models-.pdf", "status": "selected-source-checked", "supports": [ "The Chicago Inspector General advisory supports bounded claims about governance, validation, transparency, and operational concerns surrounding predictive risk models." ], "urlStatus": "official-oversight-report-retrieved" } }, { "id": "predictive-population-management-s22", "independentlyReverified": false, "inheritedFromReport": true, "reportNumber": 22, "resolution": { "authorityTier": "secondary-or-technical", "canonicalTitle": "Evaluation of the Chicago Police Department's Strategic Decision Support Centers - RAND", "categorySlugs": [ "predictive-population-management" ], "claimIds": [ "AIP-11-0418", "AIP-11-0419", "AIP-11-0420", "AIP-11-0421", "AIP-11-0422", "AIP-11-0423", "AIP-11-0424", "AIP-11-0425", "AIP-11-0426", "AIP-11-0427", "AIP-11-0428", "AIP-11-0429", "AIP-11-0430", "AIP-11-0431", "AIP-11-0432", "AIP-11-0433", "AIP-11-0434", "AIP-11-0435", "AIP-11-0436", "AIP-11-0438", "AIP-11-0439", "AIP-11-0440", "AIP-11-0441", "AIP-11-0442", "AIP-11-0443", "AIP-11-0444", "AIP-11-0445", "AIP-11-0446", "AIP-11-0447", "AIP-11-0448", "AIP-11-0449", "AIP-11-0450", "AIP-11-0451", "AIP-11-0452", "AIP-11-0453", "AIP-11-0454", "AIP-11-0455", "AIP-11-0456", "AIP-11-0457", "AIP-11-0458", "AIP-11-0459" ], "corroboratingUrls": [], "currentFactRecheckRequired": true, "humanReviewed": false, "id": "predictive-population-management-s22", "independentlyReverified": false, "limitations": [ "This selected reference has not received an independent source-scope review in this release." ], "originalUrl": "https://www.rand.org/content/dam/rand/pubs/research_reports/RR3200/RR3242/RAND_RR3242.pdf", "publicationDate": null, "publicationDateStatus": "unresolved", "publisherOrVenue": "rand.org", "reportNumber": 22, "resolutionStatus": "metadata-inherited-resolution-pending", "resolvedUrl": "https://www.rand.org/content/dam/rand/pubs/research_reports/RR3200/RR3242/RAND_RR3242.pdf", "retrievalStatus": "not-independently-retrieved", "reviewerState": "pending", "sourceType": "secondary-or-technical", "stableIdentifier": { "type": "url", "value": "https://www.rand.org/content/dam/rand/pubs/research_reports/RR3200/RR3242/RAND_RR3242.pdf" }, "supports": [] }, "sourceType": "secondary-or-technical", "title": "Evaluation of the Chicago Police Department's Strategic Decision Support Centers - RAND", "url": "https://www.rand.org/content/dam/rand/pubs/research_reports/RR3200/RR3242/RAND_RR3242.pdf" }, { "id": "predictive-population-management-s24", "independentlyReverified": false, "inheritedFromReport": true, "reportNumber": 24, "resolution": { "authorityTier": "secondary-or-technical", "canonicalTitle": "ViEWS: A political Violence Early Warning System", "categorySlugs": [ "predictive-population-management" ], "claimIds": [ "AIP-11-0418", "AIP-11-0419", "AIP-11-0420", "AIP-11-0421", "AIP-11-0422", "AIP-11-0423", "AIP-11-0424", "AIP-11-0425", "AIP-11-0426", "AIP-11-0427", "AIP-11-0428", "AIP-11-0429", "AIP-11-0430", "AIP-11-0431", "AIP-11-0432", "AIP-11-0433", "AIP-11-0434", "AIP-11-0435", "AIP-11-0436", "AIP-11-0437", "AIP-11-0439", "AIP-11-0440", "AIP-11-0441", "AIP-11-0442", "AIP-11-0443", "AIP-11-0444", "AIP-11-0445", "AIP-11-0446", "AIP-11-0447", "AIP-11-0448", "AIP-11-0449", "AIP-11-0450", "AIP-11-0451", "AIP-11-0452", "AIP-11-0453", "AIP-11-0454", "AIP-11-0455", "AIP-11-0456", "AIP-11-0457", "AIP-11-0458", "AIP-11-0459" ], "corroboratingUrls": [], "currentFactRecheckRequired": true, "humanReviewed": false, "id": "predictive-population-management-s24", "independentlyReverified": false, "limitations": [ "This selected reference has not received an independent source-scope review in this release." ], "originalUrl": "https://viewsforecasting.org/wp-content/uploads/ViEWS-Overview-25June2018.pdf", "publicationDate": null, "publicationDateStatus": "unresolved", "publisherOrVenue": "viewsforecasting.org", "reportNumber": 24, "resolutionStatus": "metadata-inherited-resolution-pending", "resolvedUrl": "https://viewsforecasting.org/wp-content/uploads/ViEWS-Overview-25June2018.pdf", "retrievalStatus": "not-independently-retrieved", "reviewerState": "pending", "sourceType": "secondary-or-technical", "stableIdentifier": { "type": "url", "value": "https://viewsforecasting.org/wp-content/uploads/ViEWS-Overview-25June2018.pdf" }, "supports": [] }, "sourceType": "secondary-or-technical", "title": "ViEWS: A political Violence Early Warning System", "url": "https://viewsforecasting.org/wp-content/uploads/ViEWS-Overview-25June2018.pdf" }, { "id": "predictive-population-management-s25", "independentlyReverified": true, "inheritedFromReport": true, "reportNumber": 25, "resolution": { "authorityTier": "peer-reviewed-research", "canonicalTitle": "ViEWS: A political violence early-warning system | Journal of Peace Research", "categorySlugs": [ "predictive-population-management" ], "claimIds": [ "AIP-11-0418", "AIP-11-0419", "AIP-11-0420", "AIP-11-0421", "AIP-11-0422", "AIP-11-0423", "AIP-11-0424", "AIP-11-0425", "AIP-11-0426", "AIP-11-0427", "AIP-11-0428", "AIP-11-0429", "AIP-11-0430", "AIP-11-0431", "AIP-11-0432", "AIP-11-0433", "AIP-11-0434", "AIP-11-0435", "AIP-11-0436", "AIP-11-0437", "AIP-11-0439", "AIP-11-0440", "AIP-11-0441", "AIP-11-0442", "AIP-11-0443", "AIP-11-0444", "AIP-11-0445", "AIP-11-0446", "AIP-11-0447", "AIP-11-0448", "AIP-11-0449", "AIP-11-0450", "AIP-11-0451", "AIP-11-0452", "AIP-11-0453", "AIP-11-0454", "AIP-11-0455", "AIP-11-0456", "AIP-11-0457", "AIP-11-0458", "AIP-11-0459" ], "corroboratingUrls": [], "currentFactRecheckRequired": true, "humanReviewed": false, "id": "predictive-population-management-s25", "independentlyReverified": true, "limitations": [ "Performance varies by event type, horizon, geography, and base rate.", "Aggregate early warning does not justify identifying or coercively targeting individuals." ], "originalUrl": "https://academic.oup.com/jpr/article/56/2/155/8365298", "publicationDate": null, "publicationDateStatus": "unresolved", "publisherOrVenue": "Oxford Academic", "reportNumber": 25, "resolutionStatus": "independently-checked", "resolvedUrl": "https://academic.oup.com/jpr/article/56/2/155/8365298", "retrievalStatus": "peer-reviewed-journal-article-retrieved", "reviewerState": "pending", "sourceType": "research", "stableIdentifier": { "type": "url", "value": "https://academic.oup.com/jpr/article/56/2/155/8365298" }, "supports": [ "The ViEWS article supports a bounded claim that transparent statistical systems can forecast forms of political violence at aggregate geographic and temporal scales." ] }, "sourceType": "research", "title": "ViEWS: A political violence early-warning system | Journal of Peace Research", "url": "https://academic.oup.com/jpr/article/56/2/155/8365298", "verification": { "authorityTier": "peer-reviewed-research", "checkedAtUtc": "2026-07-27T18:45:00Z", "checkedBy": "automated-release-source-review", "corroboratingUrls": [], "humanReviewed": false, "limitations": [ "Performance varies by event type, horizon, geography, and base rate.", "Aggregate early warning does not justify identifying or coercively targeting individuals." ], "resolvedUrl": "https://academic.oup.com/jpr/article/56/2/155/8365298", "status": "selected-source-checked", "supports": [ "The ViEWS article supports a bounded claim that transparent statistical systems can forecast forms of political violence at aggregate geographic and temporal scales." ], "urlStatus": "peer-reviewed-journal-article-retrieved" } }, { "id": "predictive-population-management-s3", "independentlyReverified": true, "inheritedFromReport": true, "reportNumber": 3, "resolution": { "authorityTier": "official-or-institutional-source", "canonicalTitle": "China: Big Data Program Targets Xinjiang's Muslims - Human Rights Watch", "categorySlugs": [ "predictive-population-management" ], "claimIds": [ "AIP-11-0418", "AIP-11-0419", "AIP-11-0420", "AIP-11-0421", "AIP-11-0422", "AIP-11-0423", "AIP-11-0424", "AIP-11-0425", "AIP-11-0426", "AIP-11-0427", "AIP-11-0428", "AIP-11-0429", "AIP-11-0430", "AIP-11-0431", "AIP-11-0432", "AIP-11-0433", "AIP-11-0434", "AIP-11-0435", "AIP-11-0436", "AIP-11-0439", "AIP-11-0440", "AIP-11-0441", "AIP-11-0442", "AIP-11-0443", "AIP-11-0444", "AIP-11-0445", "AIP-11-0446", "AIP-11-0447", "AIP-11-0448", "AIP-11-0449", "AIP-11-0450", "AIP-11-0451", "AIP-11-0452", "AIP-11-0453", "AIP-11-0454", "AIP-11-0455", "AIP-11-0456", "AIP-11-0457", "AIP-11-0458", "AIP-11-0459" ], "corroboratingUrls": [], "currentFactRecheckRequired": true, "humanReviewed": false, "id": "predictive-population-management-s3", "independentlyReverified": true, "limitations": [ "The source is a human-rights investigation rather than an independent technical audit commissioned by the system operator." ], "originalUrl": "https://www.hrw.org/news/2020/12/09/china-big-data-program-targets-xinjiangs-muslims", "publicationDate": null, "publicationDateStatus": "unresolved", "publisherOrVenue": "Human Rights Watch", "reportNumber": 3, "resolutionStatus": "independently-checked", "resolvedUrl": "https://www.hrw.org/news/2020/12/09/china-big-data-program-targets-xinjiangs-muslims", "retrievalStatus": "reachable", "reviewerState": "pending", "sourceType": "official-or-institutional", "stableIdentifier": { "type": "url", "value": "https://www.hrw.org/news/2020/12/09/china-big-data-program-targets-xinjiangs-muslims" }, "supports": [ "Human Rights Watch describes its reverse engineering and analysis of the Integrated Joint Operations Platform application and its targeting implications." ] }, "sourceType": "official-or-institutional", "title": "China: Big Data Program Targets Xinjiang's Muslims - Human Rights Watch", "url": "https://www.hrw.org/news/2020/12/09/china-big-data-program-targets-xinjiangs-muslims", "verification": { "authorityTier": "official-or-institutional-source", "checkedAtUtc": "2026-07-27T16:22:30Z", "checkedBy": "automated-release-review", "corroboratingUrls": [], "humanReviewed": false, "limitations": [ "The source is a human-rights investigation rather than an independent technical audit commissioned by the system operator." ], "resolvedUrl": "https://www.hrw.org/news/2020/12/09/china-big-data-program-targets-xinjiangs-muslims", "status": "selected-source-checked", "supports": [ "Human Rights Watch describes its reverse engineering and analysis of the Integrated Joint Operations Platform application and its targeting implications." ], "urlStatus": "reachable" } }, { "id": "predictive-population-management-s45", "independentlyReverified": false, "inheritedFromReport": true, "reportNumber": 45, "resolution": { "authorityTier": "secondary-or-technical", "canonicalTitle": "Chicago stops using controversial ShotSpotter gunshot detection system - The Record", "categorySlugs": [ "predictive-population-management" ], "claimIds": [ "AIP-11-0418", "AIP-11-0419", "AIP-11-0420", "AIP-11-0421", "AIP-11-0422", "AIP-11-0423", "AIP-11-0424", "AIP-11-0425", "AIP-11-0426", "AIP-11-0427", "AIP-11-0428", "AIP-11-0429", "AIP-11-0430", "AIP-11-0431", "AIP-11-0432", "AIP-11-0433", "AIP-11-0434", "AIP-11-0435", "AIP-11-0436", "AIP-11-0439", "AIP-11-0440", "AIP-11-0441", "AIP-11-0442", "AIP-11-0443", "AIP-11-0444", "AIP-11-0445", "AIP-11-0446", "AIP-11-0447", "AIP-11-0448", "AIP-11-0449", "AIP-11-0450", "AIP-11-0451", "AIP-11-0452", "AIP-11-0453", "AIP-11-0454", "AIP-11-0455", "AIP-11-0456", "AIP-11-0457", "AIP-11-0458", "AIP-11-0459" ], "corroboratingUrls": [], "currentFactRecheckRequired": true, "humanReviewed": false, "id": "predictive-population-management-s45", "independentlyReverified": false, "limitations": [ "This selected reference has not received an independent source-scope review in this release." ], "originalUrl": "https://therecord.media/chicago-stops-using-shotspotter-gunshot-surveillance", "publicationDate": null, "publicationDateStatus": "unresolved", "publisherOrVenue": "therecord.media", "reportNumber": 45, "resolutionStatus": "metadata-inherited-resolution-pending", "resolvedUrl": "https://therecord.media/chicago-stops-using-shotspotter-gunshot-surveillance", "retrievalStatus": "not-independently-retrieved", "reviewerState": "pending", "sourceType": "secondary-or-technical", "stableIdentifier": { "type": "url", "value": "https://therecord.media/chicago-stops-using-shotspotter-gunshot-surveillance" }, "supports": [] }, "sourceType": "secondary-or-technical", "title": "Chicago stops using controversial ShotSpotter gunshot detection system - The Record", "url": "https://therecord.media/chicago-stops-using-shotspotter-gunshot-surveillance" }, { "id": "psychological-authority-s15", "independentlyReverified": true, "inheritedFromReport": true, "reportNumber": 15, "resolution": { "authorityTier": "academic-working-paper", "canonicalTitle": "Lessons From an App Update at Replika AI: Identity Discontinuity in Human-AI Relationships - Harvard Business School", "categorySlugs": [ "psychological-authority" ], "claimIds": [ "AIP-12-0460", "AIP-12-0461", "AIP-12-0462", "AIP-12-0463", "AIP-12-0464", "AIP-12-0465", "AIP-12-0466", "AIP-12-0467", "AIP-12-0468", "AIP-12-0469", "AIP-12-0470", "AIP-12-0471", "AIP-12-0472", "AIP-12-0473", "AIP-12-0474", "AIP-12-0475", "AIP-12-0476", "AIP-12-0477", "AIP-12-0478", "AIP-12-0480", "AIP-12-0481", "AIP-12-0482", "AIP-12-0483", "AIP-12-0484", "AIP-12-0485", "AIP-12-0486", "AIP-12-0487", "AIP-12-0488", "AIP-12-0489", "AIP-12-0490", "AIP-12-0491", "AIP-12-0492", "AIP-12-0493", "AIP-12-0494", "AIP-12-0495", "AIP-12-0496", "AIP-12-0497", "AIP-12-0498", "AIP-12-0499", "AIP-12-0500", "AIP-12-0501" ], "corroboratingUrls": [], "currentFactRecheckRequired": true, "humanReviewed": false, "id": "psychological-authority-s15", "independentlyReverified": true, "limitations": [ "The study addresses a specific platform and user population and does not establish a clinical diagnosis or universal response." ], "originalUrl": "https://www.hbs.edu/ris/Publication%20Files/25-018_bed5c516-fa31-4216-b53d-50fedda064b1.pdf", "publicationDate": null, "publicationDateStatus": "unresolved", "publisherOrVenue": "Harvard Business School", "reportNumber": 15, "resolutionStatus": "independently-checked", "resolvedUrl": "https://www.hbs.edu/ris/Publication%20Files/25-018_bed5c516-fa31-4216-b53d-50fedda064b1.pdf", "retrievalStatus": "academic-working-paper-retrieved", "reviewerState": "pending", "sourceType": "research", "stableIdentifier": { "type": "url", "value": "https://www.hbs.edu/ris/Publication%20Files/25-018_bed5c516-fa31-4216-b53d-50fedda064b1.pdf" }, "supports": [ "The paper supports a bounded claim that abrupt model or product changes can create perceived identity discontinuity and distress in some human-AI relationships." ] }, "sourceType": "research", "title": "Lessons From an App Update at Replika AI: Identity Discontinuity in Human-AI Relationships - Harvard Business School", "url": "https://www.hbs.edu/ris/Publication%20Files/25-018_bed5c516-fa31-4216-b53d-50fedda064b1.pdf", "verification": { "authorityTier": "academic-working-paper", "checkedAtUtc": "2026-07-27T18:45:00Z", "checkedBy": "automated-release-source-review", "corroboratingUrls": [], "humanReviewed": false, "limitations": [ "The study addresses a specific platform and user population and does not establish a clinical diagnosis or universal response." ], "resolvedUrl": "https://www.hbs.edu/ris/Publication%20Files/25-018_bed5c516-fa31-4216-b53d-50fedda064b1.pdf", "status": "selected-source-checked", "supports": [ "The paper supports a bounded claim that abrupt model or product changes can create perceived identity discontinuity and distress in some human-AI relationships." ], "urlStatus": "academic-working-paper-retrieved" } }, { "id": "psychological-authority-s2", "independentlyReverified": true, "inheritedFromReport": true, "reportNumber": 2, "resolution": { "authorityTier": "provider-research", "canonicalTitle": "Towards Understanding Sycophancy in Language Models - Anthropic", "categorySlugs": [ "psychological-authority" ], "claimIds": [ "AIP-12-0460", "AIP-12-0461", "AIP-12-0462", "AIP-12-0463", "AIP-12-0464", "AIP-12-0465", "AIP-12-0466", "AIP-12-0467", "AIP-12-0468", "AIP-12-0469", "AIP-12-0470", "AIP-12-0471", "AIP-12-0472", "AIP-12-0473", "AIP-12-0474", "AIP-12-0475", "AIP-12-0476", "AIP-12-0477", "AIP-12-0478", "AIP-12-0481", "AIP-12-0482", "AIP-12-0483", "AIP-12-0484", "AIP-12-0485", "AIP-12-0486", "AIP-12-0487", "AIP-12-0488", "AIP-12-0489", "AIP-12-0490", "AIP-12-0491", "AIP-12-0492", "AIP-12-0493", "AIP-12-0494", "AIP-12-0495", "AIP-12-0496", "AIP-12-0497", "AIP-12-0498", "AIP-12-0499", "AIP-12-0500", "AIP-12-0501" ], "corroboratingUrls": [], "currentFactRecheckRequired": true, "humanReviewed": false, "id": "psychological-authority-s2", "independentlyReverified": true, "limitations": [ "Provider research covers tested models and setups; it does not establish identical behavior across every deployed system." ], "originalUrl": "https://www.anthropic.com/research/towards-understanding-sycophancy-in-language-models", "publicationDate": null, "publicationDateStatus": "unresolved", "publisherOrVenue": "Anthropic", "reportNumber": 2, "resolutionStatus": "independently-checked", "resolvedUrl": "https://www.anthropic.com/research/towards-understanding-sycophancy-in-language-models", "retrievalStatus": "provider-research-page-retrieved", "reviewerState": "pending", "sourceType": "secondary-or-technical", "stableIdentifier": { "type": "url", "value": "https://www.anthropic.com/research/towards-understanding-sycophancy-in-language-models" }, "supports": [ "The research supports the bounded claim that language models can shift responses toward a user's stated views and that human preference data can reward agreement over truthfulness." ] }, "sourceType": "secondary-or-technical", "title": "Towards Understanding Sycophancy in Language Models - Anthropic", "url": "https://www.anthropic.com/research/towards-understanding-sycophancy-in-language-models", "verification": { "authorityTier": "provider-research", "checkedAtUtc": "2026-07-27T18:45:00Z", "checkedBy": "automated-release-source-review", "corroboratingUrls": [], "humanReviewed": false, "limitations": [ "Provider research covers tested models and setups; it does not establish identical behavior across every deployed system." ], "resolvedUrl": "https://www.anthropic.com/research/towards-understanding-sycophancy-in-language-models", "status": "selected-source-checked", "supports": [ "The research supports the bounded claim that language models can shift responses toward a user's stated views and that human preference data can reward agreement over truthfulness." ], "urlStatus": "provider-research-page-retrieved" } }, { "id": "psychological-authority-s20", "independentlyReverified": false, "inheritedFromReport": true, "reportNumber": 20, "resolution": { "authorityTier": "secondary-or-technical", "canonicalTitle": "AI Update: Lawsuit Against Character Technologies Moves Forward in Florida Federal Court", "categorySlugs": [ "psychological-authority" ], "claimIds": [ "AIP-12-0460", "AIP-12-0461", "AIP-12-0462", "AIP-12-0463", "AIP-12-0464", "AIP-12-0465", "AIP-12-0466", "AIP-12-0467", "AIP-12-0468", "AIP-12-0469", "AIP-12-0470", "AIP-12-0471", "AIP-12-0472", "AIP-12-0473", "AIP-12-0474", "AIP-12-0475", "AIP-12-0476", "AIP-12-0477", "AIP-12-0478", "AIP-12-0481", "AIP-12-0482", "AIP-12-0483", "AIP-12-0484", "AIP-12-0485", "AIP-12-0486", "AIP-12-0487", "AIP-12-0488", "AIP-12-0489", "AIP-12-0490", "AIP-12-0491", "AIP-12-0492", "AIP-12-0493", "AIP-12-0494", "AIP-12-0495", "AIP-12-0496", "AIP-12-0497", "AIP-12-0498", "AIP-12-0499", "AIP-12-0500", "AIP-12-0501" ], "corroboratingUrls": [], "currentFactRecheckRequired": true, "humanReviewed": false, "id": "psychological-authority-s20", "independentlyReverified": false, "limitations": [ "This selected reference has not received an independent source-scope review in this release." ], "originalUrl": "https://www.zellelaw.com/AI_Update__Lawsuit_Against_Character_Technologies_Moves_Forward_in_Florida_Federal_Court", "publicationDate": null, "publicationDateStatus": "unresolved", "publisherOrVenue": "zellelaw.com", "reportNumber": 20, "resolutionStatus": "metadata-inherited-resolution-pending", "resolvedUrl": "https://www.zellelaw.com/AI_Update__Lawsuit_Against_Character_Technologies_Moves_Forward_in_Florida_Federal_Court", "retrievalStatus": "not-independently-retrieved", "reviewerState": "pending", "sourceType": "secondary-or-technical", "stableIdentifier": { "type": "url", "value": "https://www.zellelaw.com/AI_Update__Lawsuit_Against_Character_Technologies_Moves_Forward_in_Florida_Federal_Court" }, "supports": [] }, "sourceType": "secondary-or-technical", "title": "AI Update: Lawsuit Against Character Technologies Moves Forward in Florida Federal Court", "url": "https://www.zellelaw.com/AI_Update__Lawsuit_Against_Character_Technologies_Moves_Forward_in_Florida_Federal_Court" }, { "id": "psychological-authority-s4", "independentlyReverified": false, "inheritedFromReport": true, "reportNumber": 4, "resolution": { "authorityTier": "secondary-or-technical", "canonicalTitle": "ChatGPT's inconsistent moral advice influences users' judgment", "categorySlugs": [ "psychological-authority" ], "claimIds": [ "AIP-12-0460", "AIP-12-0461", "AIP-12-0462", "AIP-12-0463", "AIP-12-0464", "AIP-12-0465", "AIP-12-0466", "AIP-12-0467", "AIP-12-0468", "AIP-12-0469", "AIP-12-0470", "AIP-12-0471", "AIP-12-0472", "AIP-12-0473", "AIP-12-0474", "AIP-12-0475", "AIP-12-0476", "AIP-12-0477", "AIP-12-0478", "AIP-12-0479", "AIP-12-0481", "AIP-12-0482", "AIP-12-0483", "AIP-12-0484", "AIP-12-0485", "AIP-12-0486", "AIP-12-0487", "AIP-12-0488", "AIP-12-0489", "AIP-12-0490", "AIP-12-0491", "AIP-12-0492", "AIP-12-0493", "AIP-12-0494", "AIP-12-0495", "AIP-12-0496", "AIP-12-0497", "AIP-12-0498", "AIP-12-0499", "AIP-12-0500", "AIP-12-0501" ], "corroboratingUrls": [], "currentFactRecheckRequired": true, "humanReviewed": false, "id": "psychological-authority-s4", "independentlyReverified": false, "limitations": [ "This selected reference has not received an independent source-scope review in this release." ], "originalUrl": "https://portal.findresearcher.sdu.dk/en/publications/chatgpts-inconsistent-moral-advice-influences-users-judgment/", "publicationDate": null, "publicationDateStatus": "unresolved", "publisherOrVenue": "portal.findresearcher.sdu.dk", "reportNumber": 4, "resolutionStatus": "metadata-inherited-resolution-pending", "resolvedUrl": "https://portal.findresearcher.sdu.dk/en/publications/chatgpts-inconsistent-moral-advice-influences-users-judgment/", "retrievalStatus": "not-independently-retrieved", "reviewerState": "pending", "sourceType": "secondary-or-technical", "stableIdentifier": { "type": "url", "value": "https://portal.findresearcher.sdu.dk/en/publications/chatgpts-inconsistent-moral-advice-influences-users-judgment/" }, "supports": [] }, "sourceType": "secondary-or-technical", "title": "ChatGPT's inconsistent moral advice influences users' judgment", "url": "https://portal.findresearcher.sdu.dk/en/publications/chatgpts-inconsistent-moral-advice-influences-users-judgment/" }, { "id": "psychological-authority-s5", "independentlyReverified": true, "inheritedFromReport": true, "reportNumber": 5, "resolution": { "authorityTier": "official-or-institutional-source", "canonicalTitle": "ChatGPT's inconsistent moral advice influences users' judgment - PubMed", "categorySlugs": [ "psychological-authority" ], "claimIds": [ "AIP-12-0460", "AIP-12-0461", "AIP-12-0462", "AIP-12-0463", "AIP-12-0464", "AIP-12-0465", "AIP-12-0466", "AIP-12-0467", "AIP-12-0468", "AIP-12-0469", "AIP-12-0470", "AIP-12-0471", "AIP-12-0472", "AIP-12-0473", "AIP-12-0474", "AIP-12-0475", "AIP-12-0476", "AIP-12-0477", "AIP-12-0478", "AIP-12-0479", "AIP-12-0481", "AIP-12-0482", "AIP-12-0483", "AIP-12-0484", "AIP-12-0485", "AIP-12-0486", "AIP-12-0487", "AIP-12-0488", "AIP-12-0489", "AIP-12-0490", "AIP-12-0491", "AIP-12-0492", "AIP-12-0493", "AIP-12-0494", "AIP-12-0495", "AIP-12-0496", "AIP-12-0497", "AIP-12-0498", "AIP-12-0499", "AIP-12-0500", "AIP-12-0501" ], "corroboratingUrls": [], "currentFactRecheckRequired": true, "humanReviewed": false, "id": "psychological-authority-s5", "independentlyReverified": true, "limitations": [ "The finding is a bounded experimental result and does not establish universal authority displacement." ], "originalUrl": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37024502/", "publicationDate": null, "publicationDateStatus": "unresolved", "publisherOrVenue": "U.S. National Library of Medicine / PubMed", "reportNumber": 5, "resolutionStatus": "independently-checked", "resolvedUrl": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37024502/", "retrievalStatus": "reachable", "reviewerState": "pending", "sourceType": "official-or-institutional", "stableIdentifier": { "type": "url", "value": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37024502/" }, "supports": [ "The study reports that inconsistent ChatGPT moral advice influenced participants' judgments." ] }, "sourceType": "official-or-institutional", "title": "ChatGPT's inconsistent moral advice influences users' judgment - PubMed", "url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37024502/", "verification": { "authorityTier": "official-or-institutional-source", "checkedAtUtc": "2026-07-27T16:22:30Z", "checkedBy": "automated-release-review", "corroboratingUrls": [], "humanReviewed": false, "limitations": [ "The finding is a bounded experimental result and does not establish universal authority displacement." ], "resolvedUrl": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37024502/", "status": "selected-source-checked", "supports": [ "The study reports that inconsistent ChatGPT moral advice influenced participants' judgments." ], "urlStatus": "reachable" } }, { "id": "psychological-authority-s6", "independentlyReverified": false, "inheritedFromReport": true, "reportNumber": 6, "resolution": { "authorityTier": "secondary-or-technical", "canonicalTitle": "Too human and not human enough: A grounded theory analysis of mental health harms from emotional dependence on the social chatbot Replika", "categorySlugs": [ "psychological-authority" ], "claimIds": [ "AIP-12-0460", "AIP-12-0461", "AIP-12-0462", "AIP-12-0463", "AIP-12-0464", "AIP-12-0465", "AIP-12-0466", "AIP-12-0467", "AIP-12-0468", "AIP-12-0469", "AIP-12-0470", "AIP-12-0471", "AIP-12-0472", "AIP-12-0473", "AIP-12-0474", "AIP-12-0475", "AIP-12-0476", "AIP-12-0477", "AIP-12-0478", "AIP-12-0480", "AIP-12-0481", "AIP-12-0482", "AIP-12-0483", "AIP-12-0484", "AIP-12-0485", "AIP-12-0486", "AIP-12-0487", "AIP-12-0488", "AIP-12-0489", "AIP-12-0490", "AIP-12-0491", "AIP-12-0492", "AIP-12-0493", "AIP-12-0494", "AIP-12-0495", "AIP-12-0496", "AIP-12-0497", "AIP-12-0498", "AIP-12-0499", "AIP-12-0500", "AIP-12-0501" ], "corroboratingUrls": [], "currentFactRecheckRequired": true, "humanReviewed": false, "id": "psychological-authority-s6", "independentlyReverified": false, "limitations": [ "This selected reference has not received an independent source-scope review in this release." ], "originalUrl": "https://iacp.ie/files/UserFiles/Laestadius%20Too-human-and-not-human-enough-a-grounded-theory-analysis-of-mental-health-harms-from-emotional%20dependence%20Replika%20NMS%202022.pdf", "publicationDate": null, "publicationDateStatus": "unresolved", "publisherOrVenue": "iacp.ie", "reportNumber": 6, "resolutionStatus": "metadata-inherited-resolution-pending", "resolvedUrl": "https://iacp.ie/files/UserFiles/Laestadius%20Too-human-and-not-human-enough-a-grounded-theory-analysis-of-mental-health-harms-from-emotional%20dependence%20Replika%20NMS%202022.pdf", "retrievalStatus": "not-independently-retrieved", "reviewerState": "pending", "sourceType": "secondary-or-technical", "stableIdentifier": { "type": "url", "value": "https://iacp.ie/files/UserFiles/Laestadius%20Too-human-and-not-human-enough-a-grounded-theory-analysis-of-mental-health-harms-from-emotional%20dependence%20Replika%20NMS%202022.pdf" }, "supports": [] }, "sourceType": "secondary-or-technical", "title": "Too human and not human enough: A grounded theory analysis of mental health harms from emotional dependence on the social chatbot Replika", "url": "https://iacp.ie/files/UserFiles/Laestadius%20Too-human-and-not-human-enough-a-grounded-theory-analysis-of-mental-health-harms-from-emotional%20dependence%20Replika%20NMS%202022.pdf" }, { "id": "psychological-authority-s8", "independentlyReverified": false, "inheritedFromReport": true, "reportNumber": 8, "resolution": { "authorityTier": "secondary-or-technical", "canonicalTitle": "Epistemic authority in the digital public sphere. An integrative conceptual framework and research agenda - Weizenbaum Library", "categorySlugs": [ "psychological-authority" ], "claimIds": [ "AIP-12-0460", "AIP-12-0461", "AIP-12-0462", "AIP-12-0463", "AIP-12-0464", "AIP-12-0465", "AIP-12-0466", "AIP-12-0467", "AIP-12-0468", "AIP-12-0469", "AIP-12-0470", "AIP-12-0471", "AIP-12-0472", "AIP-12-0473", "AIP-12-0474", "AIP-12-0475", "AIP-12-0476", "AIP-12-0477", "AIP-12-0478", "AIP-12-0481", "AIP-12-0482", "AIP-12-0483", "AIP-12-0484", "AIP-12-0485", "AIP-12-0486", "AIP-12-0487", "AIP-12-0488", "AIP-12-0489", "AIP-12-0490", "AIP-12-0491", "AIP-12-0492", "AIP-12-0493", "AIP-12-0494", "AIP-12-0495", "AIP-12-0496", "AIP-12-0497", "AIP-12-0498", "AIP-12-0499", "AIP-12-0500", "AIP-12-0501" ], "corroboratingUrls": [], "currentFactRecheckRequired": true, "humanReviewed": false, "id": "psychological-authority-s8", "independentlyReverified": false, "limitations": [ "This selected reference has not received an independent source-scope review in this release." ], "originalUrl": "https://www.weizenbaum-library.de/bitstreams/57e07a45-4d3c-40f8-956b-1ff6314885e4/download", "publicationDate": null, "publicationDateStatus": "unresolved", "publisherOrVenue": "weizenbaum-library.de", "reportNumber": 8, "resolutionStatus": "metadata-inherited-resolution-pending", "resolvedUrl": "https://www.weizenbaum-library.de/bitstreams/57e07a45-4d3c-40f8-956b-1ff6314885e4/download", "retrievalStatus": "not-independently-retrieved", "reviewerState": "pending", "sourceType": "secondary-or-technical", "stableIdentifier": { "type": "url", "value": "https://www.weizenbaum-library.de/bitstreams/57e07a45-4d3c-40f8-956b-1ff6314885e4/download" }, "supports": [] }, "sourceType": "secondary-or-technical", "title": "Epistemic authority in the digital public sphere. An integrative conceptual framework and research agenda - Weizenbaum Library", "url": "https://www.weizenbaum-library.de/bitstreams/57e07a45-4d3c-40f8-956b-1ff6314885e4/download" }, { "id": "synthetic-persona-operations-s31", "independentlyReverified": false, "inheritedFromReport": true, "reportNumber": 31, "resolution": { "authorityTier": "secondary-or-technical", "canonicalTitle": "Chinese 'Spamouflage' operatives are mimicking disillusioned Americans online", "categorySlugs": [ "synthetic-persona-operations" ], "claimIds": [ "AIP-05-0167", "AIP-05-0168", "AIP-05-0169", "AIP-05-0170", "AIP-05-0171", "AIP-05-0172", "AIP-05-0173", "AIP-05-0174", "AIP-05-0175", "AIP-05-0176", "AIP-05-0177", "AIP-05-0178", "AIP-05-0179", "AIP-05-0180", "AIP-05-0181", "AIP-05-0182", "AIP-05-0183", "AIP-05-0184", "AIP-05-0185", "AIP-05-0188", "AIP-05-0189", "AIP-05-0190", "AIP-05-0191", "AIP-05-0192", "AIP-05-0193", "AIP-05-0194", "AIP-05-0195", "AIP-05-0196", "AIP-05-0197", "AIP-05-0198", "AIP-05-0199", "AIP-05-0200", "AIP-05-0201", "AIP-05-0202", "AIP-05-0203", "AIP-05-0204", "AIP-05-0205", "AIP-05-0206", "AIP-05-0207", "AIP-05-0208" ], "corroboratingUrls": [], "currentFactRecheckRequired": true, "humanReviewed": false, "id": "synthetic-persona-operations-s31", "independentlyReverified": false, "limitations": [ "This selected reference has not received an independent source-scope review in this release." ], "originalUrl": "https://therecord.media/spamouflage-influence-operation-china", "publicationDate": null, "publicationDateStatus": "unresolved", "publisherOrVenue": "therecord.media", "reportNumber": 31, "resolutionStatus": "metadata-inherited-resolution-pending", "resolvedUrl": "https://therecord.media/spamouflage-influence-operation-china", "retrievalStatus": "not-independently-retrieved", "reviewerState": "pending", "sourceType": "secondary-or-technical", "stableIdentifier": { "type": "url", "value": "https://therecord.media/spamouflage-influence-operation-china" }, "supports": [] }, "sourceType": "secondary-or-technical", "title": "Chinese 'Spamouflage' operatives are mimicking disillusioned Americans online", "url": "https://therecord.media/spamouflage-influence-operation-china" }, { "id": "synthetic-persona-operations-s33", "independentlyReverified": true, "inheritedFromReport": true, "reportNumber": 33, "resolution": { "authorityTier": "peer-reviewed-research", "canonicalTitle": "AI content detectors flag non-native English speakers as AI-generated at up to 97% and 49% of employers auto-dismiss those applications : r/aicuriosity - Reddit", "categorySlugs": [ "synthetic-persona-operations" ], "claimIds": [ "AIP-05-0167", "AIP-05-0168", "AIP-05-0169", "AIP-05-0170", "AIP-05-0171", "AIP-05-0172", "AIP-05-0173", "AIP-05-0174", "AIP-05-0175", "AIP-05-0176", "AIP-05-0177", "AIP-05-0178", "AIP-05-0179", "AIP-05-0180", "AIP-05-0181", "AIP-05-0182", "AIP-05-0183", "AIP-05-0184", "AIP-05-0185", "AIP-05-0188", "AIP-05-0189", "AIP-05-0190", "AIP-05-0191", "AIP-05-0192", "AIP-05-0193", "AIP-05-0194", "AIP-05-0195", "AIP-05-0196", "AIP-05-0197", "AIP-05-0198", "AIP-05-0199", "AIP-05-0200", "AIP-05-0201", "AIP-05-0202", "AIP-05-0203", "AIP-05-0204", "AIP-05-0205", "AIP-05-0206", "AIP-05-0207", "AIP-05-0208" ], "corroboratingUrls": [ "https://arxiv.org/abs/2304.02819" ], "currentFactRecheckRequired": true, "humanReviewed": false, "id": "synthetic-persona-operations-s33", "independentlyReverified": true, "limitations": [ "The study evaluates named detectors and datasets from a specific period; it does not establish one universal error rate for all detectors.", "The original Reddit link is retained as provenance but is not used as the authoritative source." ], "originalUrl": "https://www.reddit.com/r/aicuriosity/comments/1uhpgkr/ai_content_detectors_flag_nonnative_english/", "publicationDate": null, "publicationDateStatus": "unresolved", "publisherOrVenue": "Cell Press", "reportNumber": 33, "resolutionStatus": "independently-checked", "resolvedUrl": "https://www.cell.com/patterns/fulltext/S2666-3899(23)00130-7", "retrievalStatus": "low-authority-aggregator-replaced", "reviewerState": "pending", "sourceType": "secondary-or-technical", "stableIdentifier": { "type": "url", "value": "https://www.cell.com/patterns/fulltext/S2666-3899(23)00130-7" }, "supports": [ "The primary study supports the bounded claim that several GPT detectors disproportionately misclassified writing by non-native English speakers in the evaluated dataset." ] }, "sourceType": "secondary-or-technical", "title": "AI content detectors flag non-native English speakers as AI-generated at up to 97% and 49% of employers auto-dismiss those applications : r/aicuriosity - Reddit", "url": "https://www.reddit.com/r/aicuriosity/comments/1uhpgkr/ai_content_detectors_flag_nonnative_english/", "verification": { "authorityTier": "peer-reviewed-research", "checkedAtUtc": "2026-07-27T18:45:00Z", "checkedBy": "automated-release-source-review", "corroboratingUrls": [ "https://arxiv.org/abs/2304.02819" ], "humanReviewed": false, "limitations": [ "The study evaluates named detectors and datasets from a specific period; it does not establish one universal error rate for all detectors.", "The original Reddit link is retained as provenance but is not used as the authoritative source." ], "resolvedUrl": "https://www.cell.com/patterns/fulltext/S2666-3899(23)00130-7", "status": "selected-source-replaced-by-primary-research", "supports": [ "The primary study supports the bounded claim that several GPT detectors disproportionately misclassified writing by non-native English speakers in the evaluated dataset." ], "urlStatus": "low-authority-aggregator-replaced" } }, { "id": "synthetic-persona-operations-s38", "independentlyReverified": false, "inheritedFromReport": true, "reportNumber": 38, "resolution": { "authorityTier": "secondary-or-technical", "canonicalTitle": "Deepfake Laws & AI Impersonation Rules Tracker 2026: Federal + State | Vorp Labs", "categorySlugs": [ "synthetic-persona-operations" ], "claimIds": [ "AIP-05-0167", "AIP-05-0168", "AIP-05-0169", "AIP-05-0170", "AIP-05-0171", "AIP-05-0172", "AIP-05-0173", "AIP-05-0174", "AIP-05-0175", "AIP-05-0176", "AIP-05-0177", "AIP-05-0178", "AIP-05-0179", "AIP-05-0180", "AIP-05-0181", "AIP-05-0182", "AIP-05-0183", "AIP-05-0184", "AIP-05-0185", "AIP-05-0188", "AIP-05-0189", "AIP-05-0190", "AIP-05-0191", "AIP-05-0192", "AIP-05-0193", "AIP-05-0194", "AIP-05-0195", "AIP-05-0196", "AIP-05-0197", "AIP-05-0198", "AIP-05-0199", "AIP-05-0200", "AIP-05-0201", "AIP-05-0202", "AIP-05-0203", "AIP-05-0204", "AIP-05-0205", "AIP-05-0206", "AIP-05-0207", "AIP-05-0208" ], "corroboratingUrls": [], "currentFactRecheckRequired": true, "humanReviewed": false, "id": "synthetic-persona-operations-s38", "independentlyReverified": false, "limitations": [ "This selected reference has not received an independent source-scope review in this release." ], "originalUrl": "https://vorplabs.com/ai-regulatory-updates/deepfake-laws", "publicationDate": null, "publicationDateStatus": "unresolved", "publisherOrVenue": "vorplabs.com", "reportNumber": 38, "resolutionStatus": "metadata-inherited-resolution-pending", "resolvedUrl": "https://vorplabs.com/ai-regulatory-updates/deepfake-laws", "retrievalStatus": "not-independently-retrieved", "reviewerState": "pending", "sourceType": "secondary-or-technical", "stableIdentifier": { "type": "url", "value": "https://vorplabs.com/ai-regulatory-updates/deepfake-laws" }, "supports": [] }, "sourceType": "secondary-or-technical", "title": "Deepfake Laws & AI Impersonation Rules Tracker 2026: Federal + State | Vorp Labs", "url": "https://vorplabs.com/ai-regulatory-updates/deepfake-laws" }, { "id": "synthetic-persona-operations-s4", "independentlyReverified": false, "inheritedFromReport": true, "reportNumber": 4, "resolution": { "authorityTier": "secondary-or-technical", "canonicalTitle": "MPF REPORT SERIES 8/2025: Beyond Operation Doppelgänger: A Capability Assessment of the Social Design Agency", "categorySlugs": [ "synthetic-persona-operations" ], "claimIds": [ "AIP-05-0167", "AIP-05-0168", "AIP-05-0169", "AIP-05-0170", "AIP-05-0171", "AIP-05-0172", "AIP-05-0173", "AIP-05-0174", "AIP-05-0175", "AIP-05-0176", "AIP-05-0177", "AIP-05-0178", "AIP-05-0179", "AIP-05-0180", "AIP-05-0181", "AIP-05-0182", "AIP-05-0183", "AIP-05-0184", "AIP-05-0185", "AIP-05-0188", "AIP-05-0189", "AIP-05-0190", "AIP-05-0191", "AIP-05-0192", "AIP-05-0193", "AIP-05-0194", "AIP-05-0195", "AIP-05-0196", "AIP-05-0197", "AIP-05-0198", "AIP-05-0199", "AIP-05-0200", "AIP-05-0201", "AIP-05-0202", "AIP-05-0203", "AIP-05-0204", "AIP-05-0205", "AIP-05-0206", "AIP-05-0207", "AIP-05-0208" ], "corroboratingUrls": [], "currentFactRecheckRequired": true, "humanReviewed": false, "id": "synthetic-persona-operations-s4", "independentlyReverified": false, "limitations": [ "This selected reference has not received an independent source-scope review in this release." ], "originalUrl": "https://mpf.se/download/18.7cffbee41969f6d83e115221/1747230166207/Beyond%20Operation%20Doppelganger.pdf", "publicationDate": null, "publicationDateStatus": "unresolved", "publisherOrVenue": "mpf.se", "reportNumber": 4, "resolutionStatus": "metadata-inherited-resolution-pending", "resolvedUrl": "https://mpf.se/download/18.7cffbee41969f6d83e115221/1747230166207/Beyond%20Operation%20Doppelganger.pdf", "retrievalStatus": "not-independently-retrieved", "reviewerState": "pending", "sourceType": "secondary-or-technical", "stableIdentifier": { "type": "url", "value": "https://mpf.se/download/18.7cffbee41969f6d83e115221/1747230166207/Beyond%20Operation%20Doppelganger.pdf" }, "supports": [] }, "sourceType": "secondary-or-technical", "title": "MPF REPORT SERIES 8/2025: Beyond Operation Doppelgänger: A Capability Assessment of the Social Design Agency", "url": "https://mpf.se/download/18.7cffbee41969f6d83e115221/1747230166207/Beyond%20Operation%20Doppelganger.pdf" }, { "id": "synthetic-persona-operations-s7", "independentlyReverified": false, "inheritedFromReport": true, "reportNumber": 7, "resolution": { "authorityTier": "research-source", "canonicalTitle": "Digital & Disinformation: What the SEO Industry Can Do to Fight Manipulation", "categorySlugs": [ "synthetic-persona-operations" ], "claimIds": [ "AIP-05-0167", "AIP-05-0168", "AIP-05-0169", "AIP-05-0170", "AIP-05-0171", "AIP-05-0172", "AIP-05-0173", "AIP-05-0174", "AIP-05-0175", "AIP-05-0176", "AIP-05-0177", "AIP-05-0178", "AIP-05-0179", "AIP-05-0180", "AIP-05-0181", "AIP-05-0182", "AIP-05-0183", "AIP-05-0184", "AIP-05-0185", "AIP-05-0186", "AIP-05-0188", "AIP-05-0189", "AIP-05-0190", "AIP-05-0191", "AIP-05-0192", "AIP-05-0193", "AIP-05-0194", "AIP-05-0195", "AIP-05-0196", "AIP-05-0197", "AIP-05-0198", "AIP-05-0199", "AIP-05-0200", "AIP-05-0201", "AIP-05-0202", "AIP-05-0203", "AIP-05-0204", "AIP-05-0205", "AIP-05-0206", "AIP-05-0207", "AIP-05-0208" ], "corroboratingUrls": [], "currentFactRecheckRequired": true, "humanReviewed": false, "id": "synthetic-persona-operations-s7", "independentlyReverified": false, "limitations": [ "This selected reference has not received an independent source-scope review in this release." ], "originalUrl": "https://www.searchenginejournal.com/digital-disinformation-fight-manipulation-seo-industry/380344/", "publicationDate": null, "publicationDateStatus": "unresolved", "publisherOrVenue": "searchenginejournal.com", "reportNumber": 7, "resolutionStatus": "metadata-inherited-resolution-pending", "resolvedUrl": "https://www.searchenginejournal.com/digital-disinformation-fight-manipulation-seo-industry/380344/", "retrievalStatus": "not-independently-retrieved", "reviewerState": "pending", "sourceType": "research", "stableIdentifier": { "type": "url", "value": "https://www.searchenginejournal.com/digital-disinformation-fight-manipulation-seo-industry/380344/" }, "supports": [] }, "sourceType": "research", "title": "Digital & Disinformation: What the SEO Industry Can Do to Fight Manipulation", "url": "https://www.searchenginejournal.com/digital-disinformation-fight-manipulation-seo-industry/380344/" }, { "id": "synthetic-persona-operations-s9", "independentlyReverified": true, "inheritedFromReport": true, "reportNumber": 9, "resolution": { "authorityTier": "technical-threat-research", "canonicalTitle": "Synthetic Identities: A Dual Threat to Enterprises - Recorded Future", "categorySlugs": [ "synthetic-persona-operations" ], "claimIds": [ "AIP-05-0167", "AIP-05-0168", "AIP-05-0169", "AIP-05-0170", "AIP-05-0171", "AIP-05-0172", "AIP-05-0173", "AIP-05-0174", "AIP-05-0175", "AIP-05-0176", "AIP-05-0177", "AIP-05-0178", "AIP-05-0179", "AIP-05-0180", "AIP-05-0181", "AIP-05-0182", "AIP-05-0183", "AIP-05-0184", "AIP-05-0185", "AIP-05-0187", "AIP-05-0188", "AIP-05-0189", "AIP-05-0190", "AIP-05-0191", "AIP-05-0192", "AIP-05-0193", "AIP-05-0194", "AIP-05-0195", "AIP-05-0196", "AIP-05-0197", "AIP-05-0198", "AIP-05-0199", "AIP-05-0200", "AIP-05-0201", "AIP-05-0202", "AIP-05-0203", "AIP-05-0204", "AIP-05-0205", "AIP-05-0206", "AIP-05-0207", "AIP-05-0208" ], "corroboratingUrls": [], "currentFactRecheckRequired": true, "humanReviewed": false, "id": "synthetic-persona-operations-s9", "independentlyReverified": true, "limitations": [ "Threat-intelligence reporting reflects observed cases and commercial collection visibility.", "It does not establish the prevalence of fully autonomous persona operations." ], "originalUrl": "https://www.recordedfuture.com/research/synthetic-identities-dual-threat-enterprises", "publicationDate": null, "publicationDateStatus": "unresolved", "publisherOrVenue": "Recorded Future", "reportNumber": 9, "resolutionStatus": "independently-checked", "resolvedUrl": "https://www.recordedfuture.com/research/synthetic-identities-dual-threat-enterprises", "retrievalStatus": "technical-threat-report-retrieved", "reviewerState": "pending", "sourceType": "secondary-or-technical", "stableIdentifier": { "type": "url", "value": "https://www.recordedfuture.com/research/synthetic-identities-dual-threat-enterprises" }, "supports": [ "The report supports a bounded claim that synthetic identity techniques create enterprise fraud and infiltration risks." ] }, "sourceType": "secondary-or-technical", "title": "Synthetic Identities: A Dual Threat to Enterprises - Recorded Future", "url": "https://www.recordedfuture.com/research/synthetic-identities-dual-threat-enterprises", "verification": { "authorityTier": "technical-threat-research", "checkedAtUtc": "2026-07-27T18:45:00Z", "checkedBy": "automated-release-source-review", "corroboratingUrls": [], "humanReviewed": false, "limitations": [ "Threat-intelligence reporting reflects observed cases and commercial collection visibility.", "It does not establish the prevalence of fully autonomous persona operations." ], "resolvedUrl": "https://www.recordedfuture.com/research/synthetic-identities-dual-threat-enterprises", "status": "selected-source-checked", "supports": [ "The report supports a bounded claim that synthetic identity techniques create enterprise fraud and infiltration risks." ], "urlStatus": "technical-threat-report-retrieved" } } ], "unreviewedSourceCount": 61 }